THE KNOWN MAN

or

An Explanation of
“The Phenomena of Life”

or

Constants and Variables
As Applied to Accuracy of
The B.J. Palmer Chiropractic Clinical Procedure

Volume 19
1936

If the specific for the
cause of all dis-ease has been
finally located, nothing we
could say for it can make it
more than it is; and nothing
anybody would say against
it can make it less than it is.

I have confidence in humanity
to know that when they
know that the specific for the
cause of all dis-ease has been
reached, proved, and can be adjusted,
and sickness of all kinds
can be regrown well, they will
endorse and support with students
the one institution teaching
it, in spite of all ridicule,
prejudice, and opposition that
may be heaped upon that discovery
or that institution or
that personality associated
with it.

When the Chiropractic
profession arrives at that
stage of understanding that
The B.J. Palmer Chiropractic
Clinic is endorsing,
supporting, teaching and
practicing a knowledge and
adjustment of the specific
for the cause of all dis-ease,
then that will transcend
personal ridicule, malicious
prejudice, and selfish opposition.

Affirmation or denial of
the specific for the cause of
all dis-ease cannot make or
break it!  If it proves true, it
will live.  If it proves false,
it will die!

All of us who understand
must become apostles and
disciples of old and go into
the highways and byways
and carry the new message
of human service of the
specific for the cause of all
dis-ease, to those who need
yet refuse to see the light.

The producer of the specific
for the cause of all dis-ease
may be personally objectionable,
but if the product
be professional food fit
 for angels, the product will
live in spite of angels denying
the product, or the support
of the devils shouting
the praises of the producer.

PREFACE

    This book started out to be a short article on why we builded and used a shielded and grounded NCM reading booth.  From that we went into why we builded and grounded other booths wherein sensitive and accurate measurement methods were used to record varying effects and by-products of mental impulse currents in the human body.  Gradually it was enlarged to embrace the fundamental under all scientific clinical research work — constants and variables — which we met and ironed out as we practically applied them in clinic work on cases, in opposition to the usual erratic and haphazard ways they are applied.  From one department to another the articles spread.  Out of all this grew that salient issue that Chiropractic was an all-sufficient principle and practice to get sick people well if the constant was rigidly adhered to and variables were as insistently eliminated.  How well that has been accomplished is the text of this book.  To develop the principle, build the equipment, and offer proof has been a gigantic task, introducing new subjects, efficiently stepping-up old ones.  The B.J. Palmer Chiropractic Clinic today is the last word in constant efficiency rigidly followed.
    We began working on this book immediately following Lyceum, 1935, for it was then The B.J. Palmer Chiropractic Clinic was opened and our observations of methods and application began to take form.  It was then we began to observe discipline which this book thoroly portrays.  We have been continuously at work on its production until the date of its publication.
    While we were conducting this research work and writing this book, “Man, the Unknown,” was issued by Alexis Carrel; also “The Phenomena of Life” by George Crile, M.D.  These works cover subjects which this book was discussing.  It was natural we should quote from them in our Addenda which are as much proof of our work as any recent books published.  It was because of these two works that we have taken part of the title of this production.
    Research upon which this book is premised was continuously in process covering years leading to definite conclusions which crystallized and took form upon proper laboratories and equipment being installed and practically applied in The B.J. Palmer Chiropractic Clinic after its opening August, 1935.  This book began to be written at that date.  Matter covers one general subject, but the discerning reader will find one major contradiction: in places and in parts (copy written before appearance of “The Phenomena of Life” — Crile) set forth the principle that drugs, narcotics, etc., influence their normal flowing process.  In places and parts (copy written since appearance of that book) we set forth the principle that drugs, narcotics, etc., directly affect their normal flowing process.  Rather than change copy, we left it as was.
    Chiropractic is a new principle, new practice and attains a new result.  D. D. Palmer gave it birth in 1895.  He was the founder of The Palmer School of Chiropractic, “The Chiropractic Fountain Head.”  B.J. Palmer nursed, developed, and defended this principle and practice thru these many years.  The same mind that developed the philosophy, science, and art of pure and unadulterated Chiropractic and taught it to 95% of the practicing Chiropractors, is the mind at work developing the practical clinical side of the application of Chiropractic to the sick, proving that what he has taught, he now practices; that it works in practice as he taught thousands it would.  B.J. Palmer and his Teaching Staff of The Palmer School of Chiropractic, and his Clinical Staff of The B.J. Palmer Chiropractic Clinic are following thru that which they have taught.  They have been year by year stepping up its efficiency in the class room as well as in our private Clinic now.  Many exacting details which have been taught but rarely used in the profession are here being used in their most exacting demands.  B.J. Palmer is personally proving his principles and practices, in his Clinic, under his directing guidance, doing no less here in practice than that which he has always taught.  No longer can the profession contend he does not know the scientific, professional, and economic sides of a practice; that it is necessary to yield on this or that below a standard to maintain existence.  He is proving that a Chiropractor can confine himself to the highest standards conceivable exclusively to Chiropractic; and after such is done here, he still knows more about how to get sick people well than those who would question his right or ability.  He is proving his principles work better than he dared to suggest.
    This book, then, is full of those practical clinical methods, as original as all other work in teaching class-room fields.  This book gives new angles to old subjects, brings forth new subjects in their entirety, showing how all directly tie-in in building a system of how to get the sick well.  There isn’t much difference between mental instruction of a correct philosophy, scientific work of class room, efficient adjusting drills, accurate art of how to give an adjustment, and doing any or all of it the same way in the Clinic.  If one was practical, it should harmonize with the practice.
    Up to within the past year, it has been a more or less persistent cry from some of our profession (with whom we differed in matters clinical) that the trouble with the Faculty of The P. S. C. was that we were teachers, we taught much, suggested much, changed much, from year to year never agreed, evolved much along philosophical lines, taught how to do things in school clinics, but that few if any of us knew much that was practical about how to take care of sick people; although we had been teaching Chiropractic forty years, we could not possibly know anywhere near as much as some of our graduates who had been taught by us, graduated from here, opened an office and practiced a few years.
    Chiropractic was born and was developed in the clinic in contradistinction to the laboratory.  Its continuous demonstrations and proof have been clinical.  Notwithstanding this, it was assumed we did not know what we taught, because we challenged many antipodal methods many of our practitioners practiced.  Chiropractic never did get into the laboratory until The B.J. Palmer Chiropractic Clinic was born.  Maybe now our field practitioners will have less ground for contending we do not know how to operate an office practice as well as they.
    What, then, was more natural than that we should open a Clinic, get into practice, face problems of sick people and prove the field wrong with the necessity of mixing, or prove our principles and practices correct by getting sick people well with Chiropractic alone.
    The field told us we knew little about such.  If so, it was time we were finding out about it all.  Now that we have builded The B.J. Palmer Chiropractic Clinic, have gotten into the issue squarely, we find our minds continuing to develop new Chiropractic ideas in our Clinic, the same as we formerly did, in research work in philosophy, etc.
    The B.J. Palmer Chiropractic Clinic is the highest example of efficient, competent, and honest Chiropractic.  It lays down hundreds of rules how success in getting sick well has been attained; not the class room where we taught how it could be attained.  It lays down rules why Chiropractors fail to duplicate this, and why they become mixers; not that they did not have Chiropractic, know Chiropractic, but that they did not exactingly use it.
    This Clinic has been the mecca for Chiropractic failures, where Chiropractic was used to get sick well.  Chiropractors and immediate family failures have been 35% of the sick who visited us.  Comparison of principles and practices between Chiropractors who failed on cases and our work here, indicates we did nothing different than they were taught and which they should have done at home.  It also indicates we did do something different which was Chiropractic, which he did not do at home.  If I were a Chiropractor, I would want to know those differences which I should have done, which I didn’t do, that failed; which were done here, that succeeded.
    This book again brings forth the penalty of leadership.  Chiropractic peculiarly has been blessed or cursed with many writers, articles, spoken, written, and printed — people who claim leadership.  They issue methods, theories, forced salesmanship; print bulletins, magazines; head associations, etc.  What have they ever written that was new, that possessed symptoms of originality?  Cite one article or idea any one gave birth to!  These assumers rewarmed years-old hash many times, serving heavily seasoned with medical dope — but it was still hash.
    The same mind that researched better ways year after year to sustain, develop, defend, and teach Chiropractic in 41 years past, is the same mind still at work now with clinical research as revealed in this book.  This work, like others by same author, contains new ideas.  It speaks for itself where leadership lies.  It proves that other men who were once here, who thrived on reflected glory, were, when thrown upon their own resources, so many duds who could not write except as they blank repeated the old ideas of former years with second-hand reflections.  The profession has long learned that they never did develop anything and have not done so when thrown upon their own resources.
    There has always seemed something wrong somewhere with some people in some ways.  Students come to The P. S. C., we teach and they learn Chiropractic.  They pursue a clinical practice while here and get sick people well.  They leave, go into the field, open an office, and get sick people well.  A trifle later, something slips and results don’t come.  The doctor then says something like this: “I don’t know what’s wrong with Chiropractic, but it fails too often.  I guess I’ll look into this, buy that, and try something else.”  He may not know it, but he is greasing the track.  He gets into a mental and physical slump; he keeps going from bad to worse.  Without knowing how or why, he drifts back to some PSC Lyceum.  He gets the old idea back again; he hears us tell him Chiropractic is an all-sufficient idea.  He goes home, gets out his training stool, steps-up speed; gets down books, and reviews school notes; gets back to the back once more, and finds patients do get well once again with Chiropractic.  Out go the adjuncts and modalities!  What’s wrong with Chiropractic?  Nothing, except that it seems to attract a group of radicals who can’t understand it fully, thoroly, and consistently!  What’s wrong with Chiropractors?  Nothing more than that they suffer with the same common hoof and mouth dis-ease that other cross-sections of humanity suffer with — the inability to get right with a right principle and practice, and stay with it.  Chiropractic is growing more sound year by year; assuming its manhood and objectives; reaching the pinnacle set forth by D. D. Palmer when he laid down the specific principle.  Chiropractors — I am sorry to say — in the majority run around in circles; many of them like chickens with heads off.  Knowing them as I do, I should be very loath to trust my back-bone to many of them.  I can’t blame sick people who write me thousands of the most pitiful, harrowing tales of what they are getting under its name.

    In Chiropractic there are two general classifications of practitioners:

    First.  He who is careless, shiftless, sloppy.  This type of man has dirty offices, dirty personnel; his office procedure is indifferent.  His NCM readings are carelessly made, spinographic work is poorly postured, indifferently exposed, possibly developed in an old developer.  He cares little how he reads films.  His adjustments are so-so, etc.
    This fellow is playing carelessly with a careful subject, incompetent with a competent method.  He is not getting sick people well with Chiropractic.  He is a slipper, mixer, back-slider, seeking other fellow’s grass, peeking around corners for something which he thinks might do what he isn’t doing.  He seeks a short easy cut to success.

    Second.  This man is careful, neat, accurate, efficient, competent.  You can see it in the way he speaks, looks, thinks, acts.  His offices reflect careful personality.  They are spotlessly clean; everything in its place and a place for everything.  This man is painfully exacting in detail, nothing being too small to be done just exactly right.  NCM readings are done correctly, spinographs are clear, developers and hypos are capable of delivering; he studies films and is accurate in study and analysis.  His adjustments must be exactly right.
    This fellow is efficient, accurate, competent, and honest within himself.  He has a successful business, his clientele are discriminatory people.  His business is of sick people getting well.  He checks himself carefully, he does not mix, he stays by Chiropractic because it stayed by him.  He realizes the only road to success is the hard way straight ahead.

    Between these types are mixed breeds that spurt and slip, fight ahead today and grease backward tomorrow; who are up on toes for a while and slide down for a period; who move forward and backward steady by jerks, according to how lately somebody has jacked them up.  They are not self-starters; they move only because they attended some meeting, heard somebody talk, which gave them a new shot in the arm and as long as it lasts, they last.  When that wears out, they have run down.
    For every thinker, there are 999 workers; for every employer there are 99 employed; for every worker, there are 9 drones in the hive.  For every 9 men there is a foreman; for every 99 men, a superintendent; for every 999 men, a boss.  The conscientious, careful, competent chiropractor is a necessity on the sick market.  Find him and you will get well.  Fail to find that fellow and as well throw your money to physicians, unless by the Grace of Innate an accident happens!
    The principle of Chiropractic is established, fixed, permanent.  That cannot be changed.  The practice of Chiropractors is careful or careless in ratio as the person is careful or careless.  If careful, he is a Chiropractor; if careless, he could be anything but that!  Care must be exercised in selection of your “chiropractor” as you would be careful in selection of dentist, physician, surgeon, plumber, or any person whom you pay for services expected, desired, or demanded.
    This book covers about 85,602 words.  The original copy written and rewritten embraces 162,028 words.  So it was boiled down from 247,630 to 85,602 words.
    Books should be written only when something new need be said, or something old is stated in a new way; or some new and better service can be thus offered humanity.  What is new or what can be better said must remain within the province of the thinking value of the one who writes the book.  The interesting part about writing a book is that usually the author develops his methods or systems and then writes about them; or he writes about them as he develops those methods or systems.  The aggravating part about developing methods and writing about them is that one idea leads to another as time enters his picture and he never knows when to cut off and print what he has written.  This book has been in the writing over a year.  The ideas we are writing about are not finished.  The book is not ready to be printed.  Shall we cut just anywhere, without rhyme or reason, even tho subjects are not finished, methods and systems are still in the making; or, shall we hold the book back until the present line of research is completed.  Just about the time the neurocalograph was completed and in working order, we figured that the book was ready for press; but just then another new method or system was given birth and we started work on it.  It of right should also be in this book because it was a clinical research problem we were solving.  Before we get thru, we may hold the book up until this idea is finished, but — who knows — by that time another may be in the making.
    Somewhere in every organization some man sets the pace, establishes the desired objectives, who reaches forward to a staff to carry on.  He is immediately followed by a small army of workers who develop his ideas in foundry, machine shop, carpenter shop, forms, molds, castings, paint shop; assemble them, try them out, see if they work, change them if they don’t.  When placed in laboratories, comes another small army of office experts, scientific men who develop tangible results on clinical cases, confer with men higher up, finally reaching back to the man at top.  No one man conceives all ideas.  The finished product might have been his in original conception, but every helper suggests additions, subtractions all along the line.  The finished product with its equivalent service is a composite of many minds.  To each of these, in the monumental work we set ourselves in The B.J. Palmer Chiropractic Clinic, we here and now give credit.  Even tho many minds, some minds stand out as of greater importance than others.  Drs. Remier, Sheeler, Heath, Coxon, A. B. and H. C. Hender, Cronk, Edith Stoke, and Otto Schiernbeck we especially remember for their untiring aid in building our local scientific clinical work which this book has aimed to exemplify.  In the field, primarily comes my nephew, Wm. P. Brownell, D. C., (Washington, D. C.) who was a pioneer in X-ray work, more particularly emphasizing stereoscopic phases; Al Wernsing, D. C. (Los Angeles, Calif.) who developed the orthoprotractor, a means of measuring spinographic subluxations.  And there are others who have aided in other phases.  To enumerate them would be a pleasure if space permitted.

THE KNOWN MAN

    If a healthy person could hold time static, wherein function was flowing at normal regularity of rhythmic speed, meeting all internal and external requirements, with no abnormal fluctuations, it could be said he was in a constant or healthy condition.  No person is normal, therefore cannot be constant.  Time goes on with its daily, hourly variations — losing youth, gaining age.  Function fluctuates, in sickness, to abnormally attempt to meet internal and external demand and supply, no day, hour, minute being a standard unto itself.  Healthy man is a variable, becoming infinitely more variable in sickness.
    If the human form was born, built, and lived normal physically, if the flowing function within that human form was always normal in quantity and quality for the necessities of that form; if world outside of man was built and running with absolute regularity without fluctuations in quantity or quality of matter or function, then there could be no fluctuation in either towards each other, then it could be said that man was a constant as a composite unit of, and they would be in fact constants to each other.  The external world, being a constant as a world, would not invade man and change his constant; neither would man react against the world with functions other than constant.
    Patient goes to a Chiropractor with marked abnormal physical and functional variables, demanding he be reestablished to that which is an approximate constant to him.  The sick person is surrounded with external normal variables which directly influence his internal abnormal variables and make them worse.  It behooves the efficient, accurate, and competent Chiropractor to eradicate every external normal variable which influences every internal abnormal variable wherever and whenever possible, thereby establishing human constants as near as a constant can be established.  In this way, the efficient Chiropractor builds and establishes a more nearly accurate fundamental for determination for calculations for restoring health.

    The electro-cardiograph, recording sphygmomanometer, polygraph, Neurocalometer, etc., register and record actions and reactions of by-products.  The mental and physical sequence of events, beginning at source and leading to the byproduct, are:

    1.  Mental thought.
    2.  Mental impulse as a result of thought.
    3.  Mental impulse transmission as a result of continuity of mental impulses.
    4.  Emotion expressed in matter as a result of energy contracting matter.
    5.  Function expressed, such as respiration, pulsation, pressure, rhythm, heat, etc.

    Two at internal source are important in leading to manner in which those two can be changed by external variables which would change the constant of action or reaction in building a case record.
    First, mental thought divides two ways: Innate (so-called “sub-conscious”) mental thought, and Educated (so-called “conscious”) mental thought.  Innate mental thought can and does originate within itself, thus could and would control internal functions.  Educated mental thought energy flows from Innate but its excitant afferently might originate external to itself, as in environment, and then would efferently effect external function.  Innate mental thought is usually called emotion when effected from the external sense.  Educated mental thought would be construed as environment and could be effected by emotional changes in the use of any of the ordinary senses such as sight, hearing, tasting, smelling, and feeling. (See Addenda 18 and 22.)
    The second great objective is mental impulse continuity of nerve force quantity flow, for nerve impulse continuity has quantity as well as pressure per time element.  According to time element of mental impulse flow of nerve force quantity and pressure, do we note manifestation at periphery in respiration, blood pressure, blood pulsation, nerve heat, etc.  If mental impulse flow is interfered with in transmission, then its by-product will change action or reaction of by-product at periphery in abnormally changing respiration, blood pressure, blood pulsation, and heat, by increasing or decreasing any or all of them.  Some may be up and others down the scale.  Mental-impulse nerve-force flow, if “norm” has a free, steady, continuity.  If mind is at ease with its body, body is at ease with its mind, there is balance between desire for action and action expressed.  If intent and necessity as understood by mind in brain has free transmission, without interruption or interference, demand will be met with supply.  To have truthful question and lie answer is to have mental explosion, because you ask it to pervert itself, to change honesty to a lie which produces emotional complex.  Interference interjection between source and expression creates conflict in transmission and causes pause, make and break hesitancies in normal flow, break it up into irregular abnormal flow, followed by fluctuations in weak and strong pressure pauses; weak on ebbing out side, strong on incoming rush tide side — which register and record reactions to questions asked.  These reactions can permanently and pathologically exist within, because of subluxation interferences generating internal variables; or they may be temporarily incited by external variables such as environmental influences.
    Electro-cardiograph, recording sphygmomanometer, polygraph, etc., register pulsation and blood pressure, even in minute degrees.  The Neurocalometer accurately registers interference to transmission of nerve force energy at source of resistance by measuring its by-product, heat.  We cannot measure mental action or nerve force flow direct either in quantity, continuity, or pressure.  Neither can we measure action in function direct as to whether normal, hyper-normal, or hypo-normal.  But we can measure the by-product of increased or decreased pulsation, increased or decreased blood pressure, increased or decreased resistance heat.  It is physiologically and psychologically sound that anything that externally disturbs Educated mental action internally, also sequentially disturb correspondingly the nerve force flow continuity in quantity and pressure, and thus correspondingly changes by-product.  Correspondingly, anything that internally disturbs Innate nerve force flow continuity in quantity or pressure, also sequentially disturbs action or reaction in function and thereby again changes by-products.
    No record established by electro-cardiograph, sphygmomanometer, polygraph, or Neurocalograph, establishing a record of by-products, is of constant value unless all variables external to human body, are eliminated, leaving only internal variables to be measured.  If, in trying to measure internal variable, we permit external variables to constantly change internal variable, then we register nothing accurate but external PLUS internal variables and we have no constant upon which to base and establish a record.

ISSUE CLEARLY STATED

    A comparison will make my meaning more simple and clear: In a room is a temperature, record of which you wish to secure and establish.  You place in room a recording thermometer.  As temperature of room varies, either hot or cold, your recording thermometer records it, no matter how minute.  It is admitted that temperature in room itself is not a constant; it is variable, and what you want is information of variability of that room.  If room is completely isolated and insulated from all outside temperature-influencing factors, such as heat or cold outside room entering through walls, doors, windows, etc., then you will get actual variable-constant of temperature in that room.  But, suppose every window, door, wall leaks and lets in hot or cold air from outside that room, temperature which vary more or less all the time, and then set recording thermometer in room — it is plain you will not and cannot, with any degree of accuracy, secure record of variable-constant in room except as influenced and changed by external variables which have leaked into room, thus destroying all degree of accuracy in your record of variable temperature of room only.
    If a person is externally emotionally excited or mentally stimulated, which approximately means the same, then internal nerve force flow continuity in quantity and pressure and sequential function at periphery of those nerves, plus by-product, would fluctuate and not be constant to be measured or recorded. (See Addendum No. 18.)  For this reason, when we make an electro-cardiograph, recording sphygmomanometer, or polygraph record, we place person at ease, lying down, relaxed, with no external influence to reach the senses which might, could, or would stimulate or inhibit mental activities.  In this way, whatever record we secure, we get the “norm” action and reaction without being subject to effects of external variables as they effect internal variables on constant we were trying to get.  If, in trying to secure an electro-cardiograph, recording sphygmomanometer, or polygraph record we placed case in an external electric or magnetic field, whereby internal nerve force continuity flow is stimulated or inhibited, then nerve force flow continuity as well as its by-products at periphery would fluctuate and not be constant. (See Addendum No. 21.)
    That others have observed this external influencing factor is enhanced by the following quotation taken from “Directions for Installation and Operation of the Victor Electro-cardiograph”, issued by the Victor X-ray Corporation: (See Addendum No. 1.)

    To this end, The B.J. Palmer Chiropractic Clinic has builded electro-cardiograph, recording sphygmomanometer, polygraph and neurocalograph laboratories which are completely shielded and grounded.  Floors, walls, ceilings, and doors are correctly and completely grounded, that any electric bombardment attempting to enter room would be immediately dissipated without reaching room or body of case on which a record of constant is being taken. (See Addendum No. 21.)
    There is a constant discharge of radio bombardment in all air in all buildings everywhere, in homes or office buildings.  Many radio stations are on many wave lengths, each of which as a variable is entering every home and room.  There is also a constant leakage of commercial electricity off heavy voltage wires, off every electrical apparatus, off ordinary wires in an ordinary home, which bombards every human body, more or less of which is breaking through human skin insulation.  It is an external variable and is artificially changing internal abnormal “norm” constant we try to read and get an accurate graph of. (See Addendum No. 21)
    These shielded laboratories, then, give a mental force flow quietus where we have eliminated external mental emotional hazards, where emotional excitation cannot get through the senses of our case except those we want byproduct reactions on.  For same reason, shielded laboratories give a nerve force continuity flow quietus, where no external variable electrical excitation can get to our case except internal abnormal flow on which we want to build an abnormal “norm” record.  In this way, we eliminate external variables and secure internal constants records.

    The Keeler Polygraph makes four graphs simultaneously, with four stili running on same recording paper.  One records respiration, fast or slow, high or low.  Two make a recording sphygmomanometer record of blood pulsation.  This instrument is commonly known as the “lie detector.”  Suspect is seated in an ordinary room most anywhere, and bares left and right arms.  Inflated bag is placed above elbow.  A chest strap is placed around chest.  I have seen this portion of test made with chest strap over clothing.  This creates variables.  It should he placed on bare chest, same as inflated bag is placed on bare arm.  Instrument is run a minute or two to establish a “norm”.  Then suspect is asked two kinds of questions: first, ordinary questions, such as “Did you have breakfast?”; second, a line of questions such as “Did you kill Tommy?”  First line of questions has nothing to do with crime which person is suspected of having committed.  Second line is directly apropos to crime.  Suspect is instructed to answer “Yes” or “No”, and make no explanation until after test is completed.  Theory is that if person is asked a direct obvious question and there is no emotional excitation, as would be true with a lie, then polygraph records “norm” in respiration and in pulsation.  But if person is asked direct crime question and hesitates to frame the lie, emotion is aroused.  This effects nerve force flow continuity by exciting or retarding it, also changing respiration, both of which changes are noted in irregular graph on polygraph record and are interpreted as “lies.”

    Suppose prisoner, having no choice, forced to submit to Keeler Polygraph tests, is sullen, stubborn, and refuses to answer questions.  Case, not being deaf, hears questions.  They penetrate to his mind.  His conscious mind thinks truth or lie, same as though he had answered.  Onward flow of mind-thought force to body is same as though he had spoken.  Internal reaction which we register on polygraph comes from his mind to his nerves to that portion of body where sensitive registration is picked up.  He thinks in his brain, he speaks with his mouth, but it is on the arm we pick up nerve-force flow reaction.  Polygraph record is based on thought wave flow between brain and body, not on spoken words “yes” or “no”. (See Addendum No. 22.)  Silence secures its record as well as words, except that we who listen don’t hear agreement or contradiction.
    Keeler polygraph is so sensitive to registration of internal mental impulse nerve-force flow in regular or irregular actions and reactions, that contact between instrument parts and human body must be on bare flesh, not over or through clothing.  As well try to palpate accurately for subluxations with fingers over underwear, shirt, vest, coat, etc., as to try to make sensitive polygraph recordings through clothing.  Clothing has wrinkles, folds, and defeats sensitive nerve-force action wave flows, and benumbs polygraph sensitive pick-ups.  With female cases, where registration of respiration is taken, with respirator over bare chest, we surround shielded and grounded Keeler polygraph reading booth from room with drawable curtains, which close off curious observation which introduces extraneous variables which disturb and upset equanimity of truthful records.  To have privacy, without embarrassment, excluding variables, is to make a more true “norm”, placing advantage to case.

    In one polygraph laboratory, where “lie-detection” work is pursued, the technique calls for eighty-five pounds air pressure inflation in inflated bag around arm.  As it goes all around, this is equivalent to a tourniquet.  In two or three minutes, arm is blue, feeling is numb, circulation of blood and mental impulse nerve-force supply are stopped.  At eighty-five pounds air pressure, inflation is so great that activity sought to be measured is so paralyzed that it has been cut off.  To relieve this condition, patient is released by deflating bags for a few minutes, then resumed again.  Keeler polygraph seeks continuous graph record of deflections in flowing blood and nerve-force currents.  To secure this, pressure must be low enough to permit blood and nerve forces to flow through pressure without distortion other than deflections which occur in case answering questions.  If pressure is high, it prohibits blood and nerve forces flowing through pressure and creates forced distortion other than deflections which occur in case answering questions.  Bag or bags must be inflated only sufficiently to get firm all-around-arm contact, without interfering with otherwise normal flow of blood and nerve-force mental impulse supply, the deflections of which you wish to register, destroying nothing you seek, making possible everything you desire.  These minor details are so vital and obvious and overlooked that we often wonder how any laboratory worker could have overlooked them.
    Another reason for curtained-in booth is that vitally interested people concerned in outcome, standing immediately outside booth, looking in thru copper screens, would introduce foreign variables to case’s mind which would distort “norm” and its constants which we demand to establish accurately the lie if there be such.

    The Keeler Poly (many) graph (record) makes four simultaneous records:

        1.  Respiration — if full and free, short or hesitant, natural or forced, etc.
        2.  Nerve-force flow direct or blood flow irregularities.
        3.  Same as second taken at another sensitive reading spot.  As to which of these two
             (nerve-force or blood flow) differences is interpreted, I lean to nerve-force direct,
             by preference.
        4.  A fourth graph record is made each time a question is asked, identifying location
             on graph of question with first three characteristic graphs.

FOUR SECTIONAL RECORD

    Our Keeler Polygraph record is divided into four sections:

    1st.  The “norm”.  This is first section run after case has lain down, relaxed, and is at ease for about fifteen minutes preceding tests.  We want case to not be excited, disturbed, or upset.  We want him to be internally restful. (See Addendum No. 21.)

    2nd.  Second section consists of “obvious stock questions” which are of such a type that truth is natural to answer “yes” or “no”; where nothing is gained by lying.

    3rd.  Third section consists of “obvious trick questions” wherein we ask case to deliberately lie to questions asked.  In this way we build contrast into polygraph record between graph line of “obvious stock questions” and truth, and “obvious trick questions” and lies.

    4th.  Fourth section consists of direct and leading questions pertaining to crime under investigation.  These are based on facts of crime; theories which sheriffs, prosecutors, attorneys, etc., may hold regarding how and who committed crime, etc.  Questions are searching and seeking connection of this person with those facts, his answers affirming or denying, connecting or disconnecting himself with this crime by his honest or lying answers. (See Addendum No. 24.)

    Fourth section is compared back to contrast between “norm” of first section, and whether fourth section agrees with honest graph record of second or third lie section.
    All questions are asked by one person, operator of Keeler polygraph.  They are asked in an even tenor, quiet manner, spoken in a soft kindly tone.  In all tests done in the laboratories of The B.J. Palmer Chiropractic Clinic, we do not permit sheriffs, deputies, police, or chief to ask any question or questions.  They have been trained to think of every man charged or suspiciously connected with a crime as guilty until he acquits himself, therefore their tone and manner of approach is to bull-doze, bluff, and “third-degree” their victims into an admission.  To pursue such tactics with this exceedingly sensitive Keeler polygraph is to introduce external variables, excite and artificially stimulate or inhibit mental impulse nerve-force flow constant, produce a violently upset record, doing injustice to case.  Accurate and honest test of reliability is to permit every advantage to accrue to case permitting a contrast if there be any hidden inside his mind.  The human equation is a situation where action must come from case within to without.  All operator can do is suggest a question under most favorable conditions to case, directing itself to a certain fact.  Case then thinks answer, polygraph recording action of thot, be it as it is.  Dominating methods defeat purpose of “lie-detector” and produce a record which deceives itself, not the case or the crime as well as truth or lie.  What polygraph records is action of case from within, rather than a bull-dozed stimulated or inhibited reaction from without.
    All original records made by and with the Keeler Polygraph remain as the property of The B.J. Palmer Chiropractic Clinic and are and will be filed under the case file under consideration.  Direct nature of record prohibits duplicates or carbons of original graph.  We make carbons of interpretations of graph which will be furnished to interested parties upon showing cause why they should be given copies.

WHY ONLY “YES” AND “NO”

    There are reasons why we purposely frame every question so it must be answered “yes” or “no.”  Case is advised at beginning of tests to answer only “yes” or “no” to questions.  Later, if he cares to offer explanations he may, when tests are over.  If question is asked and he hesitates before answering “no” it is because he thought truth “yes” and spoke lie “no.”  If question asked is answered “yes” promptly, it shows no hesitation in stating truth.  If question were asked and he were permitted to give explanations, it would permit his mind time to frame an evasion.  Court attaches know too well the doubt of credibility placed upon any witness who drags time between question and answer.
    In The B.J. Palmer Chiropractic Clinic our Keeler polygraph “lie-detector” laboratory research, we have carefully grounded everything which might be influenced by ionization of electrical disturbances, changing normal records to abnormal ones, no matter how slight.  Minute differences make difference between accuracy and inaccuracy:

    1.  Room is accurately and completely grounded.
    2.  Operator stands on rubber mat on floor.
    3.  Operator need not be grounded as everything he contacts is.
    4.  Keeler polygraph is grounded to table-stand it rests on.
    5.  Table-stand Keeler polygraph is on, is grounded to room wall.
    6.  Table-couch on which case lies is grounded to room wall.
    7.  Body of case is grounded from his hand to room wall.
    8.  With these efficient checks keeping out external variables, Keeler polygraph records only mental-impulse nerve-force constant as it changes in flow coming from brain to body of case, which varies according to questions asked and answers thot by him. (See Addendum No. 21).

WORK DONE ONLY HERE

    Obviously, all Keeler polygraph record “lie-detector” work done here must be done in our laboratories.  Cases must come here or be brot here.  From what is herein laid down, it is clear that it is our scientific opinion that accurate, efficient, and reliable work could not be done outside of a shielded or grounded laboratory.  We could secure a record any place; but to get an honest record is objective sought.  This idea of traveling from city to city, taking instrument to suspect rather than suspect to laboratory, has a psychological value; one that increases the mental hazard of suspect.  Such does not eliminate external variable factors which frustrate accurate, efficient, and competent records from which interpretations are made.  Which is a better procedure, may be debatable: (a) take instrument to suspect, increase external variable hazards, decrease accuracy standard to increase mental hazard; or, (b) bring suspect to laboratory, increase internal constant efficiency, increase accuracy standard, to increase mental hazard based on facts which he knows are true.
    Public thinks use of Keeler polygraph “lie-detector” is for purpose of “subconsciously” psychologically wringing a confession from a criminal who will not otherwise reveal truth which public officials seek to fasten on a certain individual, or get from him if guilty, or become reasonably convinced this party is innocent.  This instrument has a thousand private applications where private tests are made for private situations, such as banks checking regularly all employees who are in position of honesty and responsibility.  Tests made in our laboratories are strictly private where it is desired, no information “leaking out” no matter how spectacular the situation demanding investigation or how important private situation may be where privacy is vital.  Other conditions arise where publicity is desired to attain desired objective.

TERMS OFTEN MISNOMERS

    The term “lie-detector” is a misnomer because Keeler Polygraph does not detect lies any more than truth.  Keeler Polygraph is a sensitive instrument which records internal variations of actions of another to an external question asked.  Record is then interpreted according to what it indicates by comparison in contrasts.  Mother or father asks child direct questions regarding certain circumstances.  Child fidgets, blushes, stammers, hesitates, refuses to look parent in eye, etc.  You interpret these as evidences of not telling truth, whole truth, and nothing but the truth.  An attorney asks witness questions regarding definite issue in court.  Witness squirms, hesitates, stalls, makes statement, retracts, etc.  Court learns to interpret these as evidences of not telling truth, whole truth, and nothing but truth.  Intangibles cannot be put down in shorthand “in the record,” but all are as important to eliciting truth or lies as words spoken and written down in short-hand and later transcribed in long-hand.  Same is true with use of Keeler Polygraph.  Questions are asked.  Case answers.  Betwixt and between question and answer are case’s mental thots and nerve-force flow to his body with its fidgets, blushes, stammers, hesitations, squirming, stalling, all being matters of record on graph.  Difference between this “evidence” and that taken in court is: in court, intangibles are not and cannot be recorded; with Keeler Polygraph, they not only can be but are recorded.

WHEN TO DETECT

    If human being was attached to electrocardiograph, sphygmomanometer, polygraph, neurocalograph, etc., during sleep when Innate mind (so-called “sub-conscious”) is awake, actively flowing in all that body, and when Educated mind (so-called “conscious”) is asleep and is not present; and if it were possible to then talk to Innate mind (the so-called “subconscious”) and ask it questions, answered reactions would speak only truth.  These instruments would be in fact truth-recorders.  (It is a question in mind of writer that the most efficient method of taking “norm” record is during sleep when there is no contrast or conflict present.) (See Addendum No. 18.)  Innate mind knows only truth, thinks only truth, would react only truth as a by-product on instruments which record by-products.
    Innate brain is, generally, a constant and can be relied upon to act as a constant in balancing bodily function if its product can get thru to body.  Body function is, always, a variable because of Innate brain constant not being able to get its product thru to body.  Vertebral subluxation, between Innate brain and body is the primary cause of change from brain constant to body variable, creating a contrast and conflict in, over, and thru efferent and afferent nerve force flow, from normal to abnormal.  If it were possible to record, by any now known means, the Innate brain product direct, and body by-product direct, at epiphery and periphery, one would be found constant and other a fluctuating variable. (See Addendum No. 18.)  Were there no constant, there would be no God in the Universe; no “Nature”, vis medicatrix naturae; no getting well sick human bodies.
    If a human being was attached to electrocardiograph, sphygmomanometer, polygraph, neuro-calometer, etc., during waking hours when Innate mind (so-called “sub-conscious”) is awake and active in all that body, and when Educated mind (so-called “conscious” ) is awake and is present; and, it being possible to and we do talk questions and answers to Educated mind (so-called “conscious”) reactions thereto record difference between truth function of innate mind reaction and the lie-desire, intent and deception purposely thought out by Educated mind.  These instruments then would be in fact lie-detectors.  Innate mind knows only truth, thinks only truth, would react only truth as a by-product whereas Educated mind desires the lie, thinks the lie, and contrast between truth flow of innate mind and lie flow of Educated mind produces by-product of difference between “norm” and “abnormal” in comparative reactions. (See Addendum No. 21.)
    “Truth” and “lie” are comparative and exist only as they contrast and conflict with each other.  Innate flow reaction to a question would react to truth whereas Educated lie-desire flow reaction to a question would contrast and conflict with former, making a contrasty and conflicting record which would be watched for and interpreted as “a lie.”  The “lie” is the contrast and conflict between two flows, one variable artificially designed to evade truth, and the other constant natural flow that evades nothing.
    To speak truth is natural, is spontaneous, requires a short memory.  To speak a lie is artificial and manufactured, is a hesitation and requires a long memory to recall, to try to be consistent.  The polygraph graphs interval of time between spontaneity and hesitation, between normal depth of “norm” and abnormal depth of the lie, records which are easily interpreted.  It is bucking one mind against other mind, conscience-personality against Education-personality, natural conclusion against artificial, internal against external, substance against its shadow, fact against evasion, which produces irregularity or confusion that manifests itself on chart which is interpreted as “a lie.” (See Addendum No. 2.)

WHERE TO DETECT

    I am not concerned in recounting action of polygraph except to point out one salient angle: preliminary tests are taken most anywhere, at any time, under ordinary conditions.  I have seen tests made with a woman as a suspect, where six men were in room; taken where there was no shielding of any kind, such as in a court house, court room, city or county jail, or sheriff’s office.  Under such conditions, outside emotional influence of additional persons does change the “norm” emotional by-product.  In a building where there is a variable electrical bombardment, it would change nerve force flow continuity by breaking thru skin insulation and stimulating or inhibiting it, and by-product would not be true to “norm” record sought.  “Norm” taken anywhere, regardless, is not an accurate “norm” to that person.  Take the same person and his “norm” in different parts of a city; an office building, a home in suburbs; near an electric plant, etc., and “norm” will change from place to place.  Eliminate all but two people (suspect and operator) and you will get one “norm”; add a dozen people facing case and “norm” will vary.
    (That the particular University does send men out to secure records under conditions stated is true.  Am of impression that this is preliminary to culling process between impossible and possible suspects.  After gaining “possible” they are removed to University where I hope shielded and grounded rooms are equipped to do accurate work.)
    “Norm” itself is subject to variables.  Each sick person has a “sick norm” which varies as sickness runs up and down scale of degree, frequency, etc.  A female period would establish different “norm” than on days when menstruation is not present.  It would not be a constant to take a periodic day “norm” as the “norm” for average of her month.  A headache today and none tomorrow would establish two different “norms.”  A headache “norm” occurring one day a month in a male could not be a constant to calculate “norm” for other 29 days of month.  External environments establish an environmental “norm.”  Some variables can be eliminated and should be, in fairness to constant one must secure to act as basic factor from which to study fluctuating nerve force rhythmic flow abnormalities.

STUDYING THE THIEF

    In our research studying mental impulse nerve-force flow, its constants and variables, by-products and recording its records, it was but a step from nerve-force, to heat, to NCM measurement; from nerve-force, to electrocardiograph; from other methods of recording variances in transmission of human energies, to the Keeler polygraph and its lie detection.  Fundamental is the same.  Polygraph is a nerve-force recording instrument, reading, checking and recording constants and variables.  We have been, are and will be more directly interested from now on, in crime detection, whether it be an external murder or an internal mental impulse thief.  Study and research of mental impulse nerve-force flow and recording same is directly within our Chiropractic principle and practice because it is pressure, interference, resistance to it which has to do with man, sick and getting well, subluxation and adjustment; crime, its detection, and correction from within.

CRIME IS SICKNESS

    Crime is a variable act, or series of them, which is normal function perverted from constant; it is normal quantity of power interfered with producing an abnormal function.  It is no different than any other dis-eased function.  Crime is both mental and/or physical.  It should be our obligation to society to locate cause of dis-eased, mental, or physical crime, adjust it, restore the constant or normal quantity mental impulse nerve-force flow to reestablish normal quantity of physical function and normal quality of mental function, same as we would think of society as a group of well and healthy brains and bodies.  Dis-ease parallels quantity of mental impulse supply which is interfered with.  Crime parallels same cause, same way.  I hope to be able to show, sooner or later, records of those accused of “crime;” perhaps his conviction and branded a criminal; and then give adjustments, the changed record to prove that “crime” is a stigma attached to a sick man who needs adjustment more than punishment; that “crime” is dis-ease as much as asthma; that “crime” has cause which changes constant within to a variable without, same as the cause of constipation.  Records of “criminals” will be little different than those of so-called respectable honest people of society.  The difference, if there be one, is that one is in, the other out; each thinks same thoughts, desires to do same thing.  One does it, other fears to do so; one bursts forth in uncontrolled expression, other suppresses what he might like to do.  So far as the inner mental impulse nerve-force flow abnormal urge is concerned, the “lie detector” shows them running true to form.  Same emotions, passions, and prejudices flow thru impulses of one as other; one more normally curbs, other gives wider swing to abnormal expression; one is caught, other isn’t; one is convicted, other goes free.  To be branded consists in catching one, convicting him at any cost, punishing him by physical incarceration, taking away opportunity for his body duplicating same act twice.  Crime detection is little different than dis-ease detection.  Seeking cause of dis-ease means to locate, detect, and correct pathology which includes crime.
    Crime and sickness are financial drains on public purse; leeches or blood-suckers on productive usefulness.  Criminals and sick people are destructive because they require housing, feeding, nursing, doctoring without being productive.  With cause detected in either or both, cause can be corrected and both groups turned back into society as productive units.  They not only will then produce, but they will reduce overhead cost of non-production. (See “Problems” by Dr. Palmer for further discussion of this problem of society).

HOW TO DETECT

    Polygraph records should be made in a laboratory properly equipped and thoroly shielded, placing every advantage to benefit of suspect.  And, peculiarly, in placing all advantages to furtherance of interests of suspect, you are automatically and at once placing every advantage for truth to his benefit, and every advantage of a lie to his disadvantage.  For these reasons, cases where abnormal nerve force flow is measured, or criminal suspects are recorded for truth or lies, should not have final records made except in laboratory properly equipped and thoroly shielded, and thus only would a 100% perfect, reliable, or accurate record of facts desired be obtained.
    We have made tests of electrocardiograph, recording sphygmomanometer, polygraph, neurocalograph, etc., outside of shielded and grounded laboratory, as well as in one properly shielded and grounded, on same case, as near simultaneously as possible, and there has been a marked difference in two records.  We have also made tests of electrocardiograph, recording sphygmomanometer, polygraph, neurocalograph, etc., by placing pathology case or criminal suspect outside range, as well as within range of a strong electrical discharge bombardment, and again two records are of sufficient dissimilarity that you would hardly believe they were of same person.  This is proof of accuracy of one avenue of approach and inaccuracy of other.
    Man is a complete electrical unit, first made, crudely imitated but never duplicated.  His brain is a dynamo that absorbs, condenses, and concentrates something out of ether which we call life.  Nerves are efferent and afferent equal to positive and negative wires.  Muscles are motors which move and, moving, create certain by-products we call heat, digestion, assimilation, secretion, excretion, reparation, etc.  Skin is a three-layer insulation to keep inside currents from leaking out and to try to keep external currents from getting in and affecting the inside currents.  Mental impulse is created in the brain.  It is there impregnated with intelligence.  It leaves brain and passes thru nerves, arriving at muscles or other tissues there to perform an action.  It leaves brain directed; it travels thru nerves with intention; it arrives and performs function.  This intelligent human electrical current, following from brain to body and body to brain, is so minute in quantity that it has never been directly measured.  It can be disturbed in quantity flow by factors such as vertebral subluxation or external quantities of commercial current.  It is these factors which vary the constant that require research, both of which problems we have delved into, perhaps more practically now than before. (See Addenda No. 15 and No. 23).

“NORM”

    There can be only three relative quantities of rhythmic nerve force flow, two being subject to endless computations above or below “norm” level, viz., first, the “norm,” level or par; second, too much, or above “norm”; third, too little, or below “norm.”  “Norm” exists when there is a steady healthy natural rhythmic nerve force flow which has not been tampered or interfered with by anything internal such as vertebral subluxation, which is able to meet with and can naturally adapt and adopt all natural external energy circumstances, which is not in conflict with anything external such as electrical variables, etc.  One purpose of this book is to set a standard understanding of “norm” but the main problem nevertheless is sickness.
    The Neurocalometer reads by-product of nerve current resistance — heat.  Neurocalograph reads by-product of nerve force continuity, endeavoring to pass through an occluded opening with pressure upon nerve inhibiting that flow, which produces an excess work with its by-product — heat. (See Addendum No. 16).  If nerve force flow continuity is subject to same sinister influence of external variables, it is obvious that in our every-day Neurocalometer readings, regardless of whether it be home or office building, small town or city, bombarded as that office is with multiple radio wave lengths and constant electrical discharges from electrical equipment in that home or in the air, breaking through skin insulation, we are not accurately reading nerve force “norm” constant except as stimulated or inhibited by external variables.  If body of NCM technician can and does act as an antenna and if, in reading, his hand is in contact with forehead of patient, and if his feet are in contact with bare floor which often acts as a ground to reception of external variable electrical disturbances, then all this influences abnormal readings.  How far are mean lines changed by increasing or decreasing, or by switching from L to R, or R to L of median line by these variable factors, from day to day, as case is pre-checked?  We might make wrong readings and give adjustment when we should not, or would not when we should — no fault being attached to case or NCM technician, both having their work changed by external variables which change internal constant or an internal constant or an internal variable, which from hour to hour or day to day would not be alike or constant.  One most important variable which can best be eliminated is the “environmental variable” by grounding or shielding your pre and post check NCM readings.
    Lightning kills many people; electricity of smaller degree paralyzes others (what is electrocution?), and still smaller quantities will contracture muscles and produce vertebral subluxations until finally it will fade down to playful penny-in-the-slot quantity, but eventually it dwindles until the quantity breaking thru insulation is so small that even we do not notice it; yet it is affecting the natural, onward, even flow of nerve force continuity.

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THE NEUROCALOGRAPH

    Proper title for this instrument should be “Neurocalometergraph”; to not only measure (meter) but record (graph) nerve heat.
    The ultimate objective of The B.J. Palmer Chiropractic Clinic is to eliminate every variable and thus attain the constant on every possible phase of our Clinic research work.
    We now have seven true terms to express two important branches of the chiropractic principle and practice.
    Spinograph – an X-ray radiograph as confined to the spinal column for the purpose of ascertaining precise, accurate and true conditions of a vertebral subluxation, both before and after adjustment.
    Spinography – the science which teaches how to posture, expose, develop and interpret accurate and true conditions of a vertebral subluxation, both before, during and after adjustment.
    Spinographer – one who understands and practices the art of posturing, exposing, developing and interpreting accurate and true conditions of a vertebral subluxation of the spinal column, both before and after adjustment.
    Neurocalometer – a scientific instrument of precision builded of a thermo-couple and galvanometer placed astride the living spinal column to locate minute degrees of temperature induced by interference of transmission of mental impulse supply between brain and body because of vertebral subluxation.  It is used both before and after adjustment as a time and locator factor before and a check method after an adjustment.
    Neurocalometry – the science which teaches how to accurately, efficiently and competently use and interpret the findings of the neurocalometer.
    Neurocalograph – a hook-up system of a neurocalometer, potentiometer, and recording device which permanently graphs the accurate records and findings of the neurocalometer as used astride the living spinal column to locate minute degrees of temperature induced by interference to transmission of mental impulse supply between brain and body because of vertebral subluxation.  It is used both before and after adjustment at a time and locator factor before and a check method after an adjustment.
    Neurocalographer – one who understands and practices the art of using and interpreting true and accurate readings made by the neurocalograph.
    Neurocalometer is an instrument to read nerve-heat.  It is self-contained in that thermocouples are in same hand-held instrument which contains galvanometer.  Hand holds and glides instrument astride spinal column; eye looks down upon and sees deflections of needle to left and right of a median “0,” thus observing degrees (of heat) read on left and right of median line of spinal column.
    In the past, one serious problem has been faulty technique of NCM technician.  Either he was too fast or too slow in gliding over area being read; looked but did not see what he was looking at, permitting external variables to side-track vision.  His mind wandered, thinking other things when it should have been 100% concentrated upon what the needle was trying to tell; or he could not carry all in memory exactly as he was supposed to fully understand.  His hand was unable to direct pencil to accurately record on paper memorized deflections of needle, etc.  All these are now an automatic mechanical constant.  The only external variable left is accuracy with which Chiropractor holds NCM in his hand in gliding process.  It would seem as though he ought to be able to do one thing right if all the rest are done automatically by mechanical means.
    Ten people “see” an accident which happened one way with one sequence of events.  Yet ten people will report ten ways and ten sequences of events.  What happened was single; yet it is multiplied.  Different eye values, mental concentrations, time lags, intellectual understandings, etc.  NCM is glided up one neck with one result.  Five people look and “see” five interpretations of what needle revealed.  Five pairs of eyes roamed in varying degrees; five minds thinking five avenues of contrary thoughts.  One thing occurred, yet five interpretations exist.  No wonder I properly say Chiropractic is scientific, but Chiropractors have not yet had means to prove it.  I exhort classes in NCM technique to physically prevent and to visually obviate surrounding moving bodies to prevent detraction of sight concentration, to prevent noises which detract hearing concentration.  In spite of exhortations they unthinkingly permit it so they produce a detracting interference to improved work.  Many shortcomings of Chiropractors are attributed to impractical use of NCM in HI0 work because of inability to perfectly mentally fix what needle perfectly delivers.  That and those weak links can be eliminated by using neurocalograph.  Moving objects and noise do not bother it or its record.
    Human variables have entered and seriously interfered with average Chiropractor’s efficiency.  Hand often glides slow or fast.  Hand cannot glide too slowly.  To glide slowly is to correctly record every variation in mean-line of heat as well as to correctly record every distinct “break” from that mean-line.  To glide rapidly is to incorrectly record broad sweeps of mean-lines and incorrectly record a “break” as a portion of a broad mean-line heat reading.  We seek correct information of “breaks” from mean-lines.  To glide rapidly is to incorrectly glide them out of visualization so eye cannot see them.  Neurocalograph checks on speed as well as acts as a check-up on speed.  If gliding is too rapid it will record on too little paper; if too slow, it will take too much paper and run over allowed space.  The neurocalograph is constructed to travel 6 inches in 30 seconds, enough time and space to correctly read the cervical region, for it takes approximately 30 seconds to read slowly from 7th cervical up to and including base of occiput.  Human variable of speed is checked by automatic constant speed of recorder.
    The human eye will see no more or less than eye concentrates upon what eye looks at without external interferences.  Moving objects, to left or right, front or rear, of person reading, will interfere with eye seeing all it should of deflections of galvanometer needle.  No eye, no matter how well trained, can see every minute deflection.  Neurocalograph recorder secures and fixes every deflection, no matter how large or small; how rapid or slow.  Diversions of human eye, as external variables, are now eliminated from record established.
    The human hand, with pencil and paper, in past, has attempted to record what mind directs, which eye sees.  Often the hand does not reproduce as exactly mind thinks or tries to remember.  As eye does not see all, mind does not think all, or memory remember all, so does hand not reproduce all.  Neurocalograph recorder has no hand to be directed by faulty muscles, as directed by lagging mind, as seen by tricky eye.  It records in automatic mechanical action exactly what current reaches and directs it.  It jumps direct (theoretically) from physics thermo-couple heat generation to mechanical recording graph, omitting doubtful intermediary eye, mind, memory, hand variable.  It jumps human frailties and establishes mechanical precision.
    Six time-lag variable leakages enter between what thermo-couples actually, accurately, and scientifically deliver, and what record paper actually inaccurately and Chiropractors as human beings don’t deliver in their hand-drawn graph. They are:

        1.  Eye does not see all NCM needle describes.
        2.  Eye does not brain-record all it sees.
        3.  Brain does not fully interpret all it receives.
        4.  Mind does not remember all it interprets.
        5.  Memory does not transmit to arm muscles all it remembers.
        6.  Arm muscles cannot correctly graph-draw all they receive.

    Authors of three books from which we quote in Addenda 25, 26, and 27 are foremost authorities on light, mental reception, mental concentrated or diluted interpretations, plus or minus physical action and reaction, and speed each takes from time of recording impression in eyes or ears, to action in mental interpretation and physical action and reaction.
    As Chiropractors, we are concerned with external detracting and distracting influence in prohibiting mental concentration.  Quotations from these books apply directly or indirectly to our problem of eye seeing dial of NCM, eye also seeing external variables which detract; ear hearing noises, both distracting mind of observer and hearer from concentrating 100% on what he is looking at and cannot see because of external interferences which “block” internal mental concentration.
    Chiropractors know we have frequently raised this question.  Chiropractors also know they have frequently raised their question that NCM “is of no value” because they look, don’t see, don’t adjust when they should, or do “adjust” when and where they should not, upsetting facts obvious to some of us who look and do see.  Fault lies in their inability to concentrate.  They permit extraneous variables to exist in their offices and thereby intercept their eye from seeing because of moving objects and noisy conditions which ears pick up which dilute mental understanding.
    Neurocalograph, besides creating an automatic exact record, obviates this problem of extraneous variables to sight and hearing making what will be a perfect record.  All Chiropractors are not so favorably situated that they can have a neurocalograph as part of their office equipment.  In that event, these addenda quotations will help them to better understand their mental problem.
    If an office be equipped with neurocalograph, where human detractions and distractions could exist, it is better that they be assiduously kept out as though that office were not so equipped.  So long as human element, Chiropractor or patient, exists, detractions and distractions must be eliminated.  So long as human hand of Chiropractor must direct pressure, locations, etc., of NCM, it behooves him to permit no foreign variable to change from being as perfect as is humanly possible.  However, where neurocalograph makes actual automatic record, that part of human equation, cannot be detracted or distracted from its mechanical perfection of actually recording what electrical current is generated in thermocouples.
    Neurocalograph eliminates external variables of eye, mind, memory, and hand in reproducing drawing, but not in use in gliding.  It records accurately, efficiently, competently, and exactly as needle is deflected based on current generated as established by heat thru thermocouples, via an automatic mechanical set-up which has no eye, mind, memory, or muscles subject to external variables.
    Use of neurocalograph prev