SOPHOMORE TEXT

    The Sophomore Section is the study of cycles and the condition of matter.  These itemized are: cycles, normal, abnormal, subluxation, restoration, practical, special sense, interbrain, universal, serous cycle, poison, fever, evolution, etc.  The Article numbers are continued and the method is the same as in Freshman.

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Art. 103.    Chiropractic Cycles.
    The explanation of the successive steps from cause to effect and back again to the cause.
    Sophomore work teaches a broader idea of cycles than was given in the Freshman work.  In the Freshman work the Simple and the Normal Complete Cycles were given, and their stories pertained to what happens when Innate Intelligence functions in the human body.  Whereas, Chiropractic Cycles really take in a much broader field than that.  They pertain to the stories of cause and effect about anything, anywhere, in the Universe, from the Chiropractic standpoint of reasoning; and particularly to the events resulting from the Cause of Dis-ease.

Art. 104.    How To Tell The Story.
    The story that is the explanation of the cyclic steps may be reversed; that is, going from the effect to the cause and from cause back to effect.
    The place to start reasoning is always at the cause or at the effect.
    In the Normal Complete Cycle, the cause is in the brain, and is Innate Intelligence.
    In the Normal Special Sense Cycles, the cause is environmental or in the periphery.
    In the Abnormal Cycle, the cause is the subluxation.
    In the Restoration Cycle, the cause is the adjustment.
    In general, Universal Intelligence is the cause, and that is why most cycles begin naming steps with “Universal.”

Art. 105.    Physiological Cycles Of The Body.
    The Serous Cycle: the circulation of the fluids of the body.
    The Blood Cycle: circulation of the blood in a cyclic course.
    Respiration Cycle: the course of the air into and out of the lungs; and the course of the oxygen to the periphery and back again to environment.
    Nutrition Cycle: the course of food from environment to digestive tract, thence to the periphery and back again to environment.
    Heat Cycle: the generation, distribution, and dissipation of heat.
    Nerve Cycle: the cyclic arrangement of nerve tissue from brain to periphery and back again to brain.
    The study of these cycles is found in, and forms the basis for Chiropractic Physiology.

Art. 106.    Normal Cycles.
    Normal Cycles are those in which the orderly and normal sequence of their steps is unbroken; all of the steps being in perfect harmony.
    The cause in Normal Cycles is in the brain; or in environment or periphery.
    The Simple Cycle and the Normal Complete Cycle are the ones studied in Chiropractic.
    Normal Cycles are the study of normality.  The question of abnormality does not enter, except for comparison.  All the work in Freshman was the study of normality.  When abnormality was mentioned or described, it was for comparison or for further explanation of the normal.  Normal means running true to form – nothing going wrong.  It is necessary for us to understand normality before we can understand abnormality.

Art. 107.    Abnormal Cycles.
    Abnormal Cycles are those in which the orderly, normal sequence of steps of the Normal Cycles is broken.
    The cause, in Abnormal Cycles, is the cause of the disorder; as in the body, interference with transmission (subluxation).

Art. 108.    Compound Or Complex Cycles.
    A Compound Cycle is the combination of two cycles working together simultaneously and dependent upon each other.
    A Complex Cycle is two or more cycles combined, working together simultaneously and dependent upon each other.
    Compound and Complex Cycles must have harmony within themselves in order to have normality and coordination.
    We should train ourselves to think of, or to visualize, more than one cycle at work at the same time.

Art. 109.    Special Sense Cycles.
    A Special Sense Cycle is the story of what happens between the special sense organ and the brain cell and back again to periphery.
    In each, the cause is in the periphery or in the environment (depending upon where you begin).
    The names of these are: sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch.
    When the normalcy of a Special Sense Cycle is distributed by a cause, it becomes an Abnormal Cycle.
    The subject of special sense is taken up in detail in Senior work, and for that reason only two Special Sense Cycles will be given in Sophomore work, as examples.
    The student should know early in the course that general sense, as described in the Normal Complete Cycle, is not the same as the sense studied in the Special Sense Cycles; the latter pertain to Sensory Function.

Art. 110.    THE CYCLE OF SIGHT.

Art. 111.    Special Sense And Normal Complete Cycles, Compounded.
    A Special Sense Cycle can be made abnormal by impingement on sensory nerves, especially if nerves of feeling are involved.
    A Special Sense Cycle can be made abnormal by impingement of efferent functional nerves.  This is the most common possibility.
    A Special Sense Cycle can be made abnormal by interference with transmission affecting the condition of the special sense organ; and in many cases that interference may be very remote from the organ.
    A scheme of the Compound Cycle will show how this is possible if the student cares to study it out, at this time.
    It is to be used for reference when the subject comes up later.

Art. 112.    Inter-Brain Cycle.
    A Complex Cycle showing the relation between Innate Brain and Educated Brain.
    Since Educated Brain is “periphery,” because it is made of tissue cells (of nervous tissue), it requires mental impulses, blood, serum, etc.
    The scheme shows the relations of the cycles constituting the Inter-Brain Cycle; the lower inner cycle is the Special Sense Cycle, and the upper inner cycle shows how the Educated Brain, itself, is supplied with mental impulses.  The steps of the last are exactly the same as the Normal Complete Cycle.  There is little need for further explanation.

Art. 113.    The Universal Diagram Of Cycles. (See Art. 38)
    This diagram, which Dr. Palmer calls “the best drawing in the world,” shows all the relationships of the cycles.
    The course of mental force is followed around the border line of the diagram, as shown by the arrows in the scheme in Fig. 4.  Following these arrows from Innate Intelligence, we see that Innate Brain is supplied first.  It is really the place from which Innate works.  Next, we notice that Innate Body gets its impulses from Innate Brain.  Of course this must be, since all the tissues of the body are “innate body,” with the exception of Innate Brain; therefore, Educated Brain and Educated Body are Innate Body, so far as metabolism and “involuntary” functions are concerned.  From Innate Body, we follow the course back to Innate Brain.  Immediately, the arrows lead us from Innate Brain to Educated Brain.  This shows us that Innate, if she so chooses, records what has taken place in Innate Body (Pain is a good example of this) so that Educated Mind is conscious of what has been done.  Next, we follow the Innate Force through the Educated Brain, where it becomes “tinctured” with whatever quality Educated Mind can give it; thence to Educated Body, where “voluntary” functions take place.  Thus, we see that Educated Brain “controls” nothing, but the mental impulses pass through it and further assembling is done there (by Innate), so that there can be conscious action.  The arrows lead back to Educated Brain, showing us that there is awareness, educationally, of the action of Educated Body.  From Educated Brain, we trace back to Innate Brain, the “cab” from which Innate controls the whole engine. (Fig. 7.)
    This diagram, if the student will take the trouble to use it, can be applied to many kinds of cycles, simple, compound, and complex.

Art. 114.    A WRITTEN DIAGRAM SHOWING INNATE AND EDUCATED REALMS.

Art. 115.    The Normal Vertemere Cycle. (Also see Senior Section.)
    The Vertemere Cycle is the cycle from Innate Brain to the tissues, holding in situ the vertebra in question.
    A subluxation impinging a nerve from brain to organ, also impinges the nerves supplying its own tissues; and that is why it exists as a subluxation. (See this subject in Senior Section.)
    In the scheme in Fig. 14, the outer cycle represents the Normal Complete Cycle form brain to the organ in question; and the inner cycle represents a Normal Complete Cycle from Brain Cell to “tissue cell” in the region of the vertebra itself.  This makes a Compound Cycle for study.  This is one of the most important cycles in the study of Chiropractic, and the student should make himself well acquainted with it.  It is the only cycle with immediate practical application, and is the basis for the Art or Technic of Chiropractic.

Art. 116.    Universal Forces.
    Synonyms: External Forces, Environmental Forces, Physical or Chemical Forces.
    Universal Forces are the generalized forces of the Universe, which obey Universal (physical) laws, and are not adapted for constructive purposes. (Prin. 11.)
    While Universal Forces, absolutely are not adapted, they can be adapted, and when they are, their character is changed exactly to the opposite, and work according to the laws of adaptation. (Prin. 25, 26)
    They may be either beneficial or harmful to the body.
    They may be applied either inside or outside of the body.
    Some are always inside the body (Prin. 1, 16), they cannot be kept out; but if the body is normal, they are always adapted, when inside.
    They may affect the body in numerous ways; as, physical, chemical, or mechanically physical.
    Universal Forces have already been described in the Freshman Section.  They are necessary to the body, to maintain universal balance, so that Innate will have some dynamic forces to manage.  The student should understand that they come to the body in necessary circumstances as well as possible harmful ones.  We know them as incidents, weather, food, drink, sunlight – myriads of ways.  Sometimes they are harmful, as accidents, inclement weather, poison, unhealthful environment, etc.

Art. 117.    Invasive Forces. (Penetrative Forces.)
    Invasive Forces are Universal Forces which force their effects upon tissue in spite of Innate’s resistance; or in case the resistance is lowered.
    Invasive Forces are physical or chemical forces which, in spite of Innate’s objection, act in an unadapted way.
    They are in numerous forms: as, mechanical (physical) and chemical.
    These forces are well known.  We fail to acknowledge some of them because they are insidious.  They may enter the body as chemical forces and begin their destructive work by corrosion; or they may call for very violent adaptation.  The forces of weather, or heat, or cold, etc., call upon the material resources and Innate of the body for very severe adaptation, and, if the resisting powers are low, do harm.  However, all the Invasive Forces do not provoke violent resistance – some are more subtle.

Art. 118.    Innate Forces.
    Forces arranged by Innate for use in the body.
    They are Universal Forces assembled or adapted for dynamic functional power; to cause tissue cells to function; or to offer resistance to environment.
    Innate Forces may be for adaptation to other Universal Forces, which have not been adapted; to balance, annul, check, augment, or otherwise adapt them.

Art. 119.    Resistive Forces.
    Resistive Forces are Innate Forces called into being to oppose Invasive Forces.  They are not called Resistive Forces unless they are of that character.
    They may be in many forms; as, mechanical (physical) or chemical.  Examples of physical form; movement of tissue cells; chemical, antidotes, oxidations, etc.; mechanical, as "bucking" when a patient is being adjusted, sometimes; or as educated adaptations; will, reasoning, etc.
    When ill-timed or unbalanced they may produce strains, torn tissues, fractures, luxations, or subluxations. (destructive jujitsu)
    When ill-timed or unbalanced it is not the fault of Innate, but the limitations of matter. (Prin. 24.)
    They may oppose or join some Invasive Forces as determined by Innate.
    In adjusting, Innate approves a correct move, but will oppose a wrong move.
    The body (Innate managing), will always oppose in Invading Force if it is not beyond the limits of adaptation of the tissues.

Art. 120.    Trauma.
    Trauma is injury to tissue cells, due to accident or poisoning.
    In Trauma, the tissue cells are not sick, necessarily, when injured.  The tissues are not incoordinating and if transmission remains normal, healing will quickly ensue.
    In the sense that tissue cells will “not be at ease” when injured, a traumatic condition might be called dis-ease, but never incoordination, unless there is interference with transmission.
    A distinction might be made in this way; in Trauma the tissue cells are clean and in incoordination they are not.
    Trauma is in the field of surgery, and a chiropractor would have no work to do, in this case, unless there are subluxations causing interferences with transmission of mental impulses.
    “Trauma, pl. Traumata – A wound or injury.  Physic Trauma – an emotional shock that makes a lasting impression on the mind, especially the subconscious mind.” (Dorland’s Medical Dictionary)

Art. 121.    Disease And Dis-ease.
    Disease is a term used by physicians for sickness.  To them it is an entity that one can have and is worthy of a name, hence diagnosis.
    Dis-ease is a term used in Chiropractic, meaning not having ease.  It is the condition of matter when it does not have ease.  In Chiropractic, ease is the entity, and dis-ease is the lack of it.
    Dis-ease, in Chiropractic, is indicative of the body being minus something that should be restored, in order to make it normal; that is, in various modes of expression the body lacks ease, health, coordination, transmission, adaptation, well being, 100% quality, soundness, sanity, etc., which must be brought up to 100%, or RESTORED.  That is what Chiropractic aims to do; remember it, RESTORATION.
    In Trauma the tissues are not degenerated or depleted.  They are just injured; and this is proven by the fact that a wound will heal readily and healthily if the region of injury, or the body is not suffering incoordination.
    Dis-ease is the condition of tissue cells when there is incoordination.  It is the result of incoordination when the tissue cells do not do their duties coordinately.  The tissue cells that fail to function are not always where the symptoms of trouble are; example, gas and tympanites when the liver is not functioning coordinately.  When there is incoordination tissue cells are sick; not clean as they are in Trauma.  When there is coordination there is a good supply of things, to make a tissue cell healthy.  If it is healthy, it is sound.  If tissue cells are not coordinating, some tissue cells will be made unsound; therefore, they are sick and not at ease.
    So many terms, namely, dis-ease, incoordination, paralysis, physical insanity, used almost synonymously, are confusing to the student.  To simplify matters, the writer suggests that the terms dis-ease be used, with the understanding that it indicates unsound tissue (physical insanity); tissue which is not clean as healthy tissue is, and that will clearly differentiate it from traumatically injured tissue. (See Paralysis, Art. 264, Jr.)
    Unsound tissue can be restored to soundness only by something from within; something from Innate.  Dis-ease is the result of the prevention of something from within, coming to the outside.  A tissue cell is happy and at ease when it gets it.  To restore ease to a tissue cell, that something from within must be restored to it from within, hence the "cure" of dis-ease is from within, and never from without.  No treatments or medicines (from without) can give soundness to the tissue cell.  It must come from Innate.

Art. 122.    The Cause Of Dis-ease.
    The cause of Dis-ease is interference with transmission of mental impulses.
    The subluxation is the physical representation of the Cause.

Art. 123.    How The Cause, Causes Dis-ease.
    Interference with transmission causes Dis-ease by preventing Innate from producing adaptation in the tissue cell; hence it becomes unsound and not at ease.
    If there is interference with Innate’s forces, there is lack of adaptation; lack of adaptation means that Universal Forces will work uncontrolled.  Uncontrolled Universal Forces injure tissue cells or make them act incoordinately.  Incoordination results in unsound tissue – hence dis-ease.

Art. 124.    The Abnormal Complete Cycle.
    The Abnormal Complete Cycle is a Compound Cycle consisting of the Abnormal Cycle from brain to organ, combined with the Abnormal Cycle brain to vertemere.
    The orderly sequence of steps has been broken simultaneously in both cycles.
    The table of steps is given in Fig. 14.  The student is not required to commit to memory the steps of all these cycles, but to be able to reason with the steps as guides.  Follow the steps from 1 up to 33 and 26’ to 49’.
    From step 26’ the nerve no longer functions quietly, in carrying the “scrambled” mental impulse.  There is an abnormal molecular activity along the course of the neuromere, giving off heat.  When it reaches the tissue cell, it is received by a normal tissue cell reluctantly, as something “off color,” if not obnoxious, depending on how much the impulse has been tampered with.  No longer a perfectly assembled force of Innate’s, it now is practically a common universal force.  It is not what Innate intended when she made intellectual adaptation; hence there will be abnormal physical personification.  Since Innate’s intentions did not reach the tissue cell in completeness, it (the tissue cell) will abnormally express Innate.  Since the tissue cell has adaptability (Prin. 18, 19) it will react exactly according to the forces it receives; coordinately for the innate part of it, and incoordinately for the universal part of it.  Of course, the tissue cell suffers under such ministrations and indirectly causes other tissue cells to suffer.  It takes on a degree of unsoundness and its non-cooperative action will make other tissue cells unsound.
    This now abnormal Tissue Cell, acting (functioning) gives off forces exactly corresponding to its character, which are called Equivalent Vibrations.  These composite forces are collected (a representative amount) by the afferent nerve, and normally Transmitted by the Afferent Nerve as Equivalent Impressions.  Reaching the Brain Cell, it is Received into the Mental establishment by Interpretation, giving Innate Intelligence, Equivalent Sensation.  By this, she knows the exact percentage of normality and abnormality in the cell; especially when enough sensations give her an Equivalent Ideation.  Innate Intelligence then knows what to do next, to make the best of a bad business.  A student will always do well to emulate Innate as a “good loser,” a “one hundred per cent sportsman.”  She plans ways and means, “cashes” some more forces from Universal Intelligence and proceeds to make Compensation (as shown in Fig. 14.).

Art. 125.    The Abnormal Sense Cycle.
    An Abnormal Sense Cycle is a Normal Sense Cycle made abnormal by direct interference with transmission of the afferent sensory nerve; or indirectly by interference on the efferent nerve supplying the special sense organs; or another kind of indirect effect through the Serous Circulation.
    Note: Any and all tissue cells, except Innate brain may be made more unsound (hence, incoordination) by an abnormal Serous Circulation – see Serous Circulation articles.
    The cycles are shown in Fig. 12 and Fig. 15.  They are combined with the Vertemere Cycles.  The drawings are self explanatory, if the student has studied the preceding.

Art. 126.    HOW TO APPLY THE NORMAL CYCLE TO ANY FUNCTION.

Art. 127.    SPECIAL SENSE ADAPTATION. (TWO phases)

Art. 128.    HOW TO APPLY THE ABNORMAL CYCLE TO ANY DIS-EASE IN SYMPTOMATOLOGY.

Art. 129.    The Complete Dis-ease Cycle.
    The Dis-ease Cycle is a Complex Cycle, combining the Abnormal, the Vertemere, and various compensating cycles.
    The compensating cycles are the functional cycles of adaptation to various organs to compensate as far as possible by the work of other organs; to do the work that the organ in question fails to do.  Thus, if the liver fails to secrete the proper kind or amount of bile, Innate causes the pancreas and other accessory organs of intestinal digestion to do the work that the liver leaves undone, as far as it is possible for them to do so.
    In explanation of this cycle, let us examine the Abnormal Complete Cycle (Art. 124 and Fig. 14).  When Innate has made intellectual adaptation, she establishes the compensating cycles, referred to before.  Also, knowing that there is interference with transmission on the main cycle in question, she does not attempt to send the same kind of mental impulses that she sent previously, but much more moderated ones.  Assuming that the interference cuts down the conducting capacity of the nerve thirty-five per cent, Innate now sends only sixty-five per cent mental force (not an abnormal force) (remember that these percentages are only analogous).  It requires some time for all the compensating and adaptative conditions to be established, and when that takes place, a state of chronicity exists.  Before that, it is acute.  When adjustments are given retracing begins and the compensation cycles are abolished.  In Fig. 17 follow the step numbers from 1 (at center) to 60.

Art. 130.    “Condition” And “Local.”
    Condition is the term used to indicate the state of organic matter, in health or dis-ease.
    It is an important factor in major work; as, a major includes the “Local” and “Condition.”
    “Condition” pertains to the soundness of organic matter; indirect effect.
    “Local” refers to the direct effect of a subluxation upon the tissues of the impinged nerves.
    “Condition” is the effect of a subluxation or subluxations interfering with transmission to organ or organs, causing them to function abnormally, thus rendering the Serous Circulation abnormal, which in turn makes the effect of the “Local” worse.
    The organic matter of the body, or a part of the body, may be in a condition of health, degeneration, depletion (atrophy), wet insanity, dry insanity, etc.  Obviously, if a tissue cell is not fed properly through the serous stream, the serum being unfit for assimilation, the tissue cells cannot assimilate properly, hence they will be unsound; and being unsound cannot function properly.
    Analogy: a mother bids two children to do similar tasks.  One child being healthy and normal, receives the order clearly and does the task easily; the other being undernourished or unhealthy, may not understand clearly, and is physically unable to perform the task properly.

Art. 131.    Resistance.
    Resistance is the term used to indicate the ability of a tissue cell to withstand adverse environmental conditions; “vitality,” immunity.
    It depends upon the constant guidance of Innate Intelligence. (Prin. 21)
    It depends upon the soundness of the tissue cell; its perfection of structure. (Prin. 5, 24)
    The soundness or perfection of structure depends upon Innate’s success in adapting universal forces and matter. (See Evolution, Art. 338; Inheritance, Art. 207; Survival, Art. 133.)  Resistance to “the in-roads” of dis-ease, adverse conditions or very trying environmental conditions, the rapid breeding of germs, contagion, infection, or mental and physical shocks, are questions of tissue cell soundness, where it adaptability is impaired.

Art. 132.    Insanity.
    Insanity is the term used in Chiropractic to denote unsoundness of any tissue in the body.
    If it concerns body tissues it is called “physical Insanity”; if it concerns brain tissue, it is “mental insanity.” (See wet and dry insanity in Serious Circulation, Art. 163, 164.)
    From this and preceding articles, it is seen that the term insanity has a much broader scope than its medical meaning.  In Chiropractic, it has reference to the unsoundness (imperfection in organic structure) of tissue, which of course weakens its resistance, impairs function, offers feeding ground for germs, etc.  Of course, the Chiropractic meaning includes mental insanity, that is, unsound mind because of the abnormal functioning of unsound brain tissues.  Chiropractic does not concern itself with the fine gradations of psychoanalysis, regarding this as merely the sorting, grading, and naming these classified effects.  Chiropractic is a science of the cause – not effects.  In mental insanity, the unsound brain cells are in the educated brain.  Mental insanity may be direct or indirect effects of subluxations.

Art. 133.    Survival Values.
    Survival value is that positive value gained with every successful adaptation in organic structures.
    That margin of organic success that is an element of evolution; the value given by parent to offspring.
    As material resources in the body, it is the fundamental of major work.
    The margin of value which survives subtraction; remainder.
    Net gain in assets after the liabilities have been deducted.
    It not only refers to condition or soundness of tissue cells, but to the racial gain in condition; “the resultant distillation of life.”
    Survival Value is the name of the unit of adaptational success, from a unit of mental force (mental impulse), in a unit of matter (tissue cell), when all losses have been deducted; therefore, Survival Value is the unit of element of evolution.
    NOTE: - This is not a discussion of religion or faiths, but a cold scientific study of matter and physics and of course the guiding power.  Also, Chiropractic does not uphold the evolution theories of Darwin or Haekle; but our ideas of evolution are the result of deduction, not induction.
    In the body, the cycle of construction and destruction always applies.  When there is successful adaptation, there is no interruption in Innate’s program; but when there are subluxations or unusual adaptation (Prin. 24) to adverse conditions, the law of destruction goes into effect, costing the organization a loss in construction.  This is referred to in Art. 134.  If, in the body, the advance is greater than the loss, there is a gain in construction which is called Constructive Survival Value.  If there is no destructive action, the constructive advance is net gain.

Art. 134.    ACCUMULATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE AND DESTRUCTIVE SURVIVAL VALUE.

Art. 135.     MOMENTUM.

Art. 136.    EXPLANATION OF THE MOMENTUM CHART.

Art. 137.    Retracing.
    Retracing is the course of restoration from dis-ease back to health.
    Every case retraces, for if there is a departure from health, there must be a return to it, if there is restoration.
    When a case retraces, it passes back through the successive steps, in reverse order, that it passed through in getting worse (in an ideal instance – see below).
    A case may or may not have adverse symptoms in retracing, (depending upon whether or not it is any ideal case.)
    In order to make it plain what is meant by an ideal case, let us make a comparison.  In physics there are three laws of motion.  They have nothing to do with retracing, but the way the second law is stated does.  The second law of motion says, “A body at rest remains at rest; a body in motion continues in motion in a straight line unless acted upon by other forces not parallel to its course, or opposed to it.”  Any one can see that the ideal example of this law would be the straight line action of a single force, not in the least bothered by any other forces.  But, search the wide world over and you will not find a single instance of this.
    When we say that a case retraces over the successive steps, in reverse order that it passed through in getting worse, we are talking about an ideal case.  Search the wide world over and you will not find such an ideal case of retracing; but you will find cases that approach the ideal so closely that no new symptoms are present, but there is a systematic return of the old; and many times these pass in such rapid succession as to be negligible, and we say that there are no adverse symptoms at all.
    Referring to Fig. 19 again, we can see that in an actual case there will be factors entering into the problem of retracing, that are just as probable as the entrance of unexpected forces into the second law of motion.  We have no assurance, that with ever-changing environmental conditions and new subluxations and passing pressures, that the same combination of circumstances will obtain that existed when we “sized up” conditions in the first instance; that there will be a mathematical reverse of the steps, with the same balancing of survival values at the same stated mathematical intervals.

Art. 138.    Depletion.
    Depletion is the abnormal shrinking of a cell that has once been normal size; or it is depreciation of soundness or construction.
    Depleted cells can be repleted; they “can come back.”
    It is synonymous with atrophy, if atrophy is used with the Chiropractic meaning. (See Art. 139.)
    The functions involved are: nutritive (trophic) and reparatory; and indirectly, others.
    The student is referred to the Chiropractic theory of cell expansion, (Art. 70).  When a cell is expanded and grows to its mature size and texture, it has a normal size, depending upon how large Innate wants it to be.  In giants, there are no more cells, approximately, then there are in the average sized person, or dwarf, but they are expanded to a greater size.  In a dwarf’s body, the cells are not expanded so large as they are in the average person’s body.  When a cell is called upon to function, coordinately, it must expend some of its material contents in secretion and excretion.  With ordinary adaptation, this would not impoverish the cell to any extent or affect its size and construction much.  In rest, it soon recuperates.  In extraordinary adaptation, however, as when called upon to expend great quantities of materials and action (which uses materials) the tissue cell is impoverished to the extent that it affects its soundness; hence it has suffered from the incoordination in the body.  It takes time to recuperate and when that is done, it is almost as good a cell as before.
    If the tissue cell has been affected to the extent that it is no longer useful in function, or metabolism, it is replaced by reparation.  Perhaps glandular (visceral) cells “wear out” and are replaced more often than others, for with the exception of muscle cells, they are more active.
    When cells are not used much, functionally, as when muscle cells are not used, they become somewhat depleted.  On the other hand, much use causes them to build up more.  If they are not used at all, Innate acts according to the law of evolution, deeming the muscles cells “excess baggage” when not used, tends to place them in the rudimentary state of depleting them, but keeping them in readiness to be repleted.  Thus, there may be depletion from this cause.

Art. 139.    Atrophy.
    Atrophy, as used in Chiropractic, is synonymous with depletion and is due to lack of proper nutrition; or lack of coordinate functioning.
    According to its Chiropractic meaning, it can “come back.”
    It does not refer to destruction of tissues; to degeneration.
    Caution should be used when terms in medicine are also used in Chiropractic, for very seldom do they have the same meaning in both.  In medicine, atrophy has its true meaning obscured by many different applications; but in Chiropractic it means the same always – a depreciated tissue that is not too far gone to be restored, which if the tissue were destroyed, it could not be.

Art. 140.    Repletion.
    Repletion is the restoration of a tissue cell to normal size and soundness, when it has been depleted.
    It is not the same as expansion, which originally built the cell.
    It is reparation, in the trophic or nutritional sense.
    It is the “coming back” of a cell, which it cannot do if degenerated.
    Repletion is recuperation from arduous adaptation or from sickness.  After a long illness the body has many depleted cells and recuperation is usually a nutritional phenomenon.  A muscle which has become smaller and weaker from lack of use, or when it has become atrophied because of direct interference with transmission, becomes filled out to full size and soundness in recuperation.

Art. 141.    Degeneration.
    The destruction of cells by abnormal disintegration; as, necrosis, suppuration, ulceration, etc.
    Degenerated tissue cannot be restored by repletion; it cannot “come back.”
    If the expansional centers are destroyed by degeneration, there is no chance of restoration of the same kind of cells.
    The place of the destroyed cells may be filled with scar tissue, but the same kind of tissue is not replaced.
    Chiropractically, degeneration of tissue is not the same as atrophy, for atrophied cells can be repleted.
    The repairing or “filling in” with scar tissue is by proliferation of connective tissues.  It is called, in Chiropractic, reparation.  If the degeneration has been so severe that the proliferation possibilities are destroyed, there is little likelihood that the ulcer will heal.  A little inflammatory heat will cause the proliferation to be accelerated, but great destructive heat will hinder or prevent reparation because of the destruction of the expansional centers.

Art. 142.    The Carrying Capacity Of Nerves.
    Ordinarily a nerve fiber does not conduct all the mental force of which it is capable.
    There is always room for more adaptative current.
    A pressure upon a nerve does not always interfere with transmission; it does when the disease is acute, and may not when it is chronic.
    With the same degree of pressure, a chronic case passes into the acute stage when adaptation is increased through the nerve.
    When the adaptative current suffers interference, part of it is transformed into heat.  (If materialistic theory is used.)  Mental force is never dammed back.
    When there is interference with transmission, there is, at the place of impingement, an area of heat, known as the “hot box.”
    Using the analogy of the water pipe as shown in Fig. 20, it should be remembered, always, that it is only an analogy.  Otherwise, one may be led into thinking that mental force can be dammed back in the nerve, as water can be in the pipe.
    The figure shows the pipe dented down to the surface of the flowing water.  It is obvious that the dent in the pipe does not interfere with the flow of water.  Next, suppose that because of a greater demand for water at the discharge of the pipe, you adaptatively increase the flow of water through the pipe; then there will be interference with the transmission of the water.

    In a chronic condition, where there is a constant pressure upon a nerve, ordinarily there is no interference after Innate has established her compensation cycles; but when the function in question calls for a greater amount of adaptation; greater than the compensation cycles can take care of, Innate again tries to send more current through the impinged nerve and there is then, interference with transmission of this additional current.  The hot box is acute; the abnormal transmission is acute; the lack of additional current is acute, and the again “scrambled” impulse is acute.  The dis-ease is said to recur.
    When the extra demand for adaptation subsides, or the need for it is removed, the acute condition subsides into the chronic state.  In this manner, dis-eases are said, by those who have not analyzed far enough, to “get well by themselves.”  They, however, have not “gotten well,” but are still lurking, and will recur.  “Bad colds” (coryza) are good examples of this, and so are recurrent fevers.

Art. 143.    The Restoration Cycle.
    The Restoration Cycle is a complex cycle consisting of the abnormal, compensation, normal, and vertemere cycles.
    It is the outline of the story of how abnormality is restored to normality, through the restoration to normality in the vertemere, and the removal of the compensation cycles.  See Fig. 17.  Follow the step numbers from 1(Compensation) to 60, and the process can be readily understood.

Art. 144.    The Practical Cycle.
    The Practical Cycle is a Complex Cycle, consisting of the complete dis-ease cycle and all of its parts, followed by the complete restoration cycle with all its parts.
    It is a complete story from the beginning of dis-ease to the accomplished restoration of health.
    It shows that adjustments restore what has been taken away, and in no wise is anything added to the body; which is complete before the dis-ease, and is complete after restoration.  When anything is complete, it cannot be more than complete.  Health is just simply completeness, everything restored, and restored from within.

Art. 145.    THE SEROUS CIRCULATION AS A COORDINATOR.

Art. 146.    THE SEROUS CIRCULATION. (317 Vol. IX) (260 Vol. II)

Art. 147.     Dr. Palmer’s Analogy.
    Dr. Palmer compares a man to a mud pie, which is composed of dust and water.  In order to have the mud pie of the proper consistency, it must contain the right amount of water, mixed with the dust.  Any more than this amount of water will make the mud pie too wet and any less will make it too dry.  Also, this mud pie might be too wet or too dry in spots.
    Man, also, is dust and water.  The proper amount of water for man’s body is sixty-seven per cent.  Any more than that makes his body too wet in consistency, and less makes it too dry, also, a man’s body may be too wet or too dry in spots.  This we find in the study of cases and clinical work.  Water uncombined, passes into organisms (and cells of course), passes through them, and passes out again.  Dr. Palmer says they “sweat”; a cell sweats the same as the body sweats, and in doing so, heat and waste materials are carried from it.

Art. 148.    “Condition.”
    One of the rules of major work states that the factors of a major are “location” and “condition.”  The term Condition in this case is used to indicate the indirect effects of subluxations upon tissue cells via the Serous Circulation; while location indicates the direct effects of a subluxation upon tissue cells at the periphery of the impinged nerve.  The Condition or sanity of a tissue cell depends very much upon the quality of the serum; and its ability to coordinate can be lessened by subluxations which affect organs which have anything to do with the quality of the serum. (See Fig. 18 and Fig. 21.)
    Almost every major has one or more subluxations included in it to be adjusted to take care of the Serous Circulation.  An abnormal serum poisons any tissue cell, even when it is getting a high percentage of mental impulses, for this abnormal serum represents a very adverse influence which taxes to the utmost the adaptability of this small organism.  If the tissue cell is already abnormal, because it does not receive one hundred per cent mental impulses, the abnormal serum will further aggravate it.  It can be seen that an abnormal serum will show its worst effects at the weakest points in the body, sometimes very remote from the organ which is causing the abnormal serum.  The abnormal serum tends to make all tissue cells unsound (and succeeds unless they are getting one hundred per cent mental impulses) and lessens their ability to obey Innate. (Prin. 4, 5.)  It accounts for insanities, poisoning, non-immunity, recurrent dis-eases, and what the physician calls “constitutional” diseases.  Adjustments for condition are more natural and more scientific than the physician’s tonic.  Innate does not like tonics because the taking of tonic is the introduction of unadapted external forces.  The most common adjustments are: K. P. for elimination of water, heat, or urea; Li. P. for the liver; Spl. P. for the spleen; U. K. P. for the suprarenals; or any organ whose primary function is secretion.

Art. 149.    THE GREAT DIVISIONS OF THE SEROUS CIRCULATION.

Art. 150.    THE EFFERENT SEROUS STREAM.

Art. 151.    THE PERIPHERAL DIVISION OF THE SEROUS CIRCULATION.

Art. 152.    Serum And Urea.
    The Serum bathes the cells in liquid food, and is selected by them – the process of assimilation.
    The cells do not admit every kind of serum or use all the nutritional elements in it.  The cells as organisms have assimilation and select the substances needed in metabolism.
    The fluid that approaches the cell is called Serum.
    The cell throws into the serous stream the materials it has used.  This is the exercise of its selective ability.
    Each cell selectively takes something from the serous stream and puts something into it.
    It is possible that if the resistance of a tissue cell is lowered, undesirable Serum (to the cell) will “penetratively” enter.
    It is possible that some poisons in the Serum will “penetratively” enter in spite of the tissue cell’s resistance, it being beyond the ability of the cell to defend itself in that case. (Prin. 24.)

Art. 153.    THE AFFERENT SEROUS STREAM.

Art. 154.    Innate’s Laboratories.
    The glands of the body are Innate’s Laboratories for supply of chemicals and enzymes to the cells.
    By means of glands, Innate can produce any chemical or substance (if supplied with the elements) needed in the body.
    Any substance or chemical not prepared by Innate and introduced into the body is a poison. (Art. 166.)
    The economy of Innate Intelligence is truly remarkable.  A substance that has been used by a tissue cell and is no longer usable to that tissue cell may be usable to other kinds of cells; especially if clastic action takes place and the material reassembled.  Thus, no substance is thrown away if it is needed somewhere in the body.  A good example of this is shown by the ability of animals, as wolves in the far North, to thrive very well on a meager supply of food, it being very closely digested and economically used in the body.  A starving animal’s body will use substances that otherwise would be eliminated. In the body of an over-fed animal, there is a tremendous waste of nutritional values, which not being required in bodily metabolism, are now rejected by Innate as in the poison class.

Art. 155.    The Poison Possibilities Of Serum.
    Any substance that is no longer usable in bodily metabolism and retained in the Serous Circulation is a poison.
    Any substance, even a food, that is in excess of what the body can use in its cells, is a poison.
    Urea being retained by a cell or gland producing it is a poison to that cell or gland.
    Any chemical not prepared by the cells or glands of the body is a poison.
    Any glandular product in the wrong place in the body is a poison.
    Any foreign substance in the body, liquid, solid, or gaseous, even if not chemically active, is a poison.
    Too much water in the serum is a poison – serum too wet.
    Not enough water in the serum – too dry – makes the serum abnormal and therefore a poison, for it cannot flow properly and soon becomes laden with urea.

Art. 156.    THE END OF THE SEROUS CYCLE.

Art. 157.    THE KIDNEYS.

Art. 158.    THE SKIN.

Art. 159.    “Wet Man.”
    Wet Man is the term used to indicate the condition when there is too much water in the serum.
    Wet man also is referred to as “wet insanity”.
    It may be local or general.
    When there is too much water in the serum, it fills the inter and intra spaces too full and produces dropsy or edema.  Dropsy is the term used to indicate a general wetness and edema, a local wet condition.  In wet man the serum does not flow fast enough and becomes “stale”, that is, laden with waste materials which in serious cases may begin to decompose and make worse poisons.
    An analogy may be used to explain local and general wet man.  An irrigated field may be equally and normally wet.  The whole field may be too wet; or it may be too wet in spots.  The same field may be too dry all over, or too dry in spots.  Again, it may be very wet all over, except in spots which may be too dry, and vice versa. (See Fig. 22. Art. 147.)
    The symptoms of wet man are: edematous flesh, clammy skin which may be rather oily; oily hair, and general symptoms of poisoning.  It is possible for wet man to exist with the skin normally dry; and possible for places in the body to be “wet man” locally, with the rest of the body normal.
    The excretion of water must always balance the intake of water and the supply of water must be adequate for the bodily needs.  Thus wet man may occur in the following ways:
    1.  Supply of water constant with lack of excretion of water.
    2.  Over supply of water with lack of excretion of water.
    3.  Over supply of water with excretion of water constant.
    If normal, any of these factors will be adapted to coordinate or compensate for one or more that are not normal, in order to keep the percentage of water in the body constant, (at 67 per cent).

Art. 160.    “Dry Man.”
    Dry Man is the term used to indicate the condition of the body when there is not enough water in the system.
    Dry Man also is referred to as “dry insanity”.
    It may be local or general.
    When there is not enough water in the serum, the spaces are too dry and the serum flows too slowly and becomes laden with waste materials beyond the normal.  Certain localities of the body may become too dry, producing friction and heat.
    The proper transportation of nutritive materials cannot exist for lack of a proper vehicle.
    Dry man may occur in the following ways:
    1.  Supply of water constant with excess excretion of water.
    2.  Under supply of water with excess excretion of water.
    3.  Under supply of water with excretion of water constant.
    If normal, any of these factors will be adapted to coordinate or compensate for one or more that are not normal in order to keep the percentage of water in the body constant (at 67 per cent).

Art. 161.    SEREDEMA.

Art. 162.    UREDEMA.

Art. 163.    Wet Insanity.
    Wet insanity is unsoundness of any tissue, due to an abnormally wet serum; water poisoning.
    Seredema, uredema, edema, dropsy, etc., are all forms of “Wet Insanity.”
    If it pertains to body tissues, it is wet physical insanity; as, dropsy.
    If it pertains to the tissues of the educated brain, it is wet brain insanity; as, hydrocephalus.

Art. 164.    Dry Insanity.
    Dry Insanity is unsoundness of any tissue, due to an abnormally dry serum.
    The condition of body cells in diabetes insipidus is an example.
    If it pertains to body tissues, it is dry physical insanity.
    If it pertains to the tissues of the educated brain, it is dry brain insanity.

Art. 165.    A Chiropractic Discovery.
    The Serous Circulation is a Chiropractic Discovery.
    Chiropractic does not claim to have discovered the blood circulation, or the serum, as it has been known for a long time, in the inner and intra spaces; or the lymphatic stream and its vessels and glands.  Chiropractic claims none of these, but it does claim the discovery of the cyclic connection of these three great systems, as has been explained in the foregoing articles.

Art. 166.    Poison.
    Poison is any substance introduced into or manufactured within the living body which Innate cannot use in metabolism.

Art. 167.    The Possibilities Of Poison.
    Poison Possibilities are the different ways in which Poisons may occur.
    The following four Possibilities are inclusive of any and every way that poisoning can occur; four blanket statements:
    1.  Misplaced glandular products.
    2.  Excess glandular products.
    3.  Transported glandular products.
    4.  That which Innate cannot use in the general metabolism of the body.
    Glandular products are only usable in the places that Innate intended them to be used.  If through incoordination these products are in any place where they should not be, they are just as surely a poison as any introduced poisons would be. (ex. jaundice.)
    In any part of the body for any given time, a certain amount of glandular products are required, and as we have seen, they must be of the right kind.  If there is an excess of a glandular product, even in the proper places for it, it is just as truly a poison as any foreign substance there. (Ex. biliousness.)
    If a misplaced glandular product in a part of the body where it does not belong, is a poison, a glandular product that is not produced in that body is foreign to it and actually is a misplaced glandular product, for it is of use only in the body where it is made.  Therefore, a glandular product taken from one body and introduced into another body, is a poison. (Ex. injected serums.)
    Any substance in the body, whether glandular or not, which Innate cannot use in metabolism, is a poison.  This includes both chemically active and inert substances.  This fourth possibility will be explained fully in the following articles.

Art. 168.    What “Educated” Knows About Poisons.
    What “Educated” knows about poisons is the knowledge that tells us what substances are poisonous from accumulated experiences of scientists.
    What “Educated” knows about poison constitutes the medical definition.
    Medical definition: “Generic name for all substances which, when introduced into the animal organism, either by cutaneous absorption, respiration, or by the digestive canal, act in noxious manner on the vital properties, or textures of an organ.” (Dunglison)
    “Educated” groping this far, knows that such a substance has the “killing” or destroying property potential within it at all times; as carbolic acid in a bottle is known to be a poison substance which will act in the same manner.  It gained this knowledge, not by chemistry, but by the experience of the race.  Educated knows that it is not poison, actually, until introduced into the animal organism (see above definition), but has the educated knowledge of chemicals which tells it that substances may act harmfully if taken into the body, and of course this is useful knowledge.  Moreover, by knowledge of chemicals, Educated might skillfully calculate what untried or new chemicals may be poison, if introduced into the body.  However, this knowledge is limited and uncertain, as the definition shows, and Educated only knows about the tried substances.

Art. 169.    What “Educated” Does Not Know About Poisons.
    Educated does not know that a substance is a poison until Innate tells it; a tried substance; experience.  After which, Educated calls that substance a poison.
    Educated does not know, for certain, what substances may be poison until tried and Innate gives the decision.
    Educated does not know if a newly discovered chemical (even if from knowledge of chemistry it calculates it should be) is a poison until it has asked Innate.
    It does not know if a chemically inert substance is a poison until Innate decides.
    Though these possibilities are told in a few words, instead of using volumes to tell them, they cover the entire situation, Chiropractically, showing that Educated does not know very much about poisons after all.  Chiropractic does not scorn the educated knowledge of poisons; it makes use of it, of course.  It is not content, however, to limit the science to the very finite knowledge of education, but prefers to refer the matter to Innate Intelligence.

Art. 170.    HOW “EDUCATED” FOUND OUT ABOUT POISONS.

Art. 171.    What Innate Knows About Poisons.
    Chiropractic definition: “Poison is any substance introduced into, or manufactured within the living body, upon which Innate Intelligence, after becoming cognizant of its presence through the interpretation of the vibrations set up in the tissue cells, and knowing that such a substance cannot be utilized, and if allowed to remain in the body will be absorbed by the tissue cells and do damage, begins a systematic process of elimination from the body.” (Palmer.)
    Any substance introduced into or manufactured within the living body, which Innate cannot use in metabolism, is a poison.
    “Poison” is a word expressing the contempt that Innate has for a substance that she cannot use in metabolism.
    The Innate Intelligence of a body knows all about what she does or does not want in that body.  She knows what is a poison to that body.  The Educated of a body does not know that much about it, for Educated is not an intelligence, but a physiological process of an organ, which is operated by Innate.  How could it know?  It does not know anything about Innate’s business in other matters!  Does it know how to build a muscle?  Or, how to operate a muscle?  Innate is not to be compared with one of her functions.
    It is easy to see that the Chiropractic definition of poison is more correct and much more comprehensive than the medical definition; containing all the truth to be found in the medical definition, and infinitely more.

Art. 172.    Some Things Innates Have Said About Poisons.
    Medicine is a poison for it is substance that Innate does not prepare for use in the body.  If Innate accepts such a substance, showing no contempt, it is a food, even though it masquerades under the name of medicine.  We mention this because it is a favorite argumentative point of the pro-medical or anti-Chiropractic people who seek to cloud the truth by starting the unwary chiropractor out on a false premise.
    Medicine is a substance given to “stimulate” or “inhibit.”
    Substances which “stimulate” or “inhibit” are substances which “Educated” knows, because Innate recorded it, which, when given in larger doses will kill.
    Substances which stimulate or inhibit are certainly chemicals with a “kick.”  They would be pretty poor medicines if they did not have.  Do M.D.’s give inert, innocuous substances (except for psychological reasons) to their patients?  They use minute quantities of powerful drugs.  They search the forests for potent alkalines; manufacture powerful acids, grow plants for strong chemicals, and have hunters searching the jungles for the venom of tropical serpents.
    Some things that Educated calls foods are sometimes poison. (Art. 170-172)
    Some things that are good for one person, may be poison to another.
    Some things may be food for a person, and poison to the same person at another time.
    “Anything made or prepared artificially and then introduced into the body, against which Innate rebels, is a poison.”
    “Foods, air and water, when they have been ‘doctored’ are poisons.”

Art. 173.    Food.
    Food is any substance ingested into the body, which when digested and otherwise prepared furnishes wholesome nutrition to the tissue cells.
    The necessary elements are demanded by Innate and made known consciously by normal hunger, thirst, and desire.
    Given the demanded materials, Innate will make any combination she desires for metabolism.
    Given the wrong materials, she will reject them or if they are unsatisfactory, but not poison, she will make the best of the circumstances.
    Denied much needed elements, she will economize on what she has somewhere in the body; but if such a state of affairs exists chronically some tissues will become unsound.
    Given too much food (usually because of educated fallacy), Innate will overwork the excretory organs in excreting and overstore tissue cells in order to dispose of it.
    In any event, what Innate really needs cannot be regulated educationally, in either quantity or quality.
    The Chiropractic standard of guidance in nutrition is to obey Innate’s desires and restraints.
    The person who incorrectly interprets these desires and restraints is technically a sick person, and is in danger from his “educated.”

Art. 174.    Diet.
    Dieting, as commonly understood, is not Chiropractic.
    Dieting is an educated attempt to regulate Innate or to regulate something against the wishes of Innate.
    “A course of living or nourishment; also, what is eaten or drunk habitually; food; victuals; fare.”
    “A course of food selected with reference to a particular state of health; prescribed allowance of food, regime prescribed.” (Webster.)
    From these definitions we learn that dieting is “a course of living or nourishment,” “a course of food selected with reference to a particular state of health; prescribed allowance of food; regime prescribed.”  We judge from these statements that there is something wrong with the state of health, else such attempts would not be made.  If it is done to cure dis-ease, it will be unsuccessful, for the cause of dis-ease is always in the spine. (Prin. 30, 31.)
    Prescription is a medical procedure, not Chiropractic.  To attempt to cure a dis-ease by a prescribed allowance of food, is treating effects and not removing the cause.  It may alleviate, and does, and to that Chiropractic has no objection; but in that case the cause still remains.  To pamper a weakness is to sidestep the cause.  Why not meet the issue squarely and remove the cause?  Then the patient can feel perfectly at ease in eating normal quantities of normal foods, according to the dictates of normal hunger and thirst.
    When dieting is done with the idea of curing dis-ease, or as an arbitrary attempt to regulate the intellectual processes of metabolism, it is acting contrary to every fundamental principle of Chiropractic.  A person who lives a simple life does not know how to do such things, much less think about them.  Chiropractic is decidedly opposed to dieting, as studied in that light.
    The reader and student is cautioned not to come to a conclusion about “the over-radical Chiropractic ideas,” until he has read and studied further.

Art. 175.    Common Sense, The Chiropractic Idea Of Dieting.
    If the body is given the elements that Innate requires, and in the quantities that she requires, and makes known that need by normal hunger or thirst, she can manufacture any combination needed.
    Educated should not presume to determine the calories or determine which elements Innate should use.
    People with abnormal hunger, or other abnormal desires, are technically sick people.
    People with habitually abnormal appetites are victims of habit and are practicing a form of intemperance; not at all the expression of Innate Intelligence.
    When dieting is done to offset or alleviate an adverse condition in living, brought on by “civilization” (an adverse state of affairs brought on by unwise precedents or human grooves of life), then dieting is not a battle between morbid educated mind and Innate; but between morbid “educated” and wise “educated.”  “Educated” versus “Educated”; “dog eat dog.”  In the latter case, Chiropractic approves, for it is not truly diet, but the coordination of a normal educated mind with Innate.
    Therefore, nutritional hygiene is not dieting but common sense.  It is simply the restoration of normal and natural environmental conditions.  The restoration to normal, of conditions made abnormal by unwise educational living; restoration brought about by a wise, sane, and normal educated mind, coordinating with innate mind as it should, is nutritional hygiene.  With this aspect of dieting, Chiropractic agrees.  Consider diet in the light of common sense.  A sick person’s abnormal educated mind will not allow him to use common sense, therefore somebody else’s common sense must be used.

Art. 176.    The Fallacy Of Trying To Regulate Innate Intelligence.
    Innate Intelligence, the builder and warden of the body, with her infinite knowledge knows her own mind; knows what should be introduced into the body, both immaterial and material.
    There is no educated mind, with only its finite gatherings of a lifetime, able to decide for an Innate Intelligence what is good for the body.  This applies to forces and to matter.  Innate makes known the needs for material by normal hunger and thirst; for the immaterial, by desire for movement or mental exercise, which desire might be called a kind of hunger.
    The nourishment of the body should be governed by Innate Intelligence, with the cooperation of the educated mind.
    The educated mind should serve as a cooperative function and not as a hindrance to innate mind, in the selection of food for the body.
    No normal educated mind will try to oppose innate mind.  When educated mind interferes with innate mind, it is abnormal.  If it is abnormal, it is because of interference with transmission and the educated brain cells are slightly unsound; consequently, instead of working in harmony with Innate Intelligence, it hinders in the efficiency of body operation as any other unsound organ would do.
    Foods and water introduced into the body when not needed are poisons.
    Foods and water denied the body, when the need is made known normally, is an insult to Innate and results in injury later, if not immediately.
    Sterilized air and water, and artificially prepared foods are poisons for they are not natural; Innate’s evolutionary structures are unacquainted with them as foods.  Considered as medicines, they alleviate and sidestep, but they pamper the chemical abnormalities of the body so that this weakness grows worse, in exactly the same manner that a drug habit grows worse.
    If one craves apples, one should eat apples, if they can be obtained.  The function of educated mind is to obtain them; not to deny them.  If one normally craves meat, educated should supply it; and not deny it, because a misguided dietitian has ruled it out.
    The study of the human body shows that human beings are omnivorous.  They should have both meat and vegetable foods.  The teeth of carnivora are covered with enamel and they have fangs.  The teeth of herbivorous animals are laminated and grow outward from the roots as they are worn off by use.  The teeth of human beings as omnivorous animals, are covered with enamel and the human being also has fangs for the purpose of rending meat.  Herbaceous foods require more grinding and chewing than meat foods and more processes of digestion.  The human being does not chew the cud, nor is he provided with a series of stomachs (powerful laboratories with the action of powerful chemicals), as herbivorous animals are.  But man has the digestive equipment to use both classes of foods.
    The glands should secrete; if artificial foods make this unnecessary, the glands suffer from lack of use.  The stomach is a muscular working organ.  Take its job away from it by predigested foods, and the stomach gets lazy and weak.  The bowels lose their peristaltic strength through the use of cathartics and pills; thus the “pill habit” is formed.  Chiropractic is only urging the natural, but so unnatural has “civilization” made people, that the natural is greeted as something strange and radical.
    If one takes the trouble to look into the question, it is easy to see that the natural foods of the human race are the foods upon which, for countless hundreds of years, the race developed.  This great natural trend cannot be changed arbitrarily by dietitians in the space of a few years, without disaster to human beings.  A few theorists have declared that there will be a time when a full meal will be concentrated to the size of a pill, and point out how convenient it will be to nourish the body and do it without the loss of time – a boon to business men, etc.  It will be a sad day when the human race gets to the point where they have no time to eat naturally.  The point we wish to emphasize is that Chiropractic is not a propaganda for a new method of dieting, but is a return to the old; a restoration of the natural.  The digestive organs are made to do a certain amount of work – let them do it.  As a muscle is strengthened by exercise, so are the digestive organs.  The teeth are designed to rend and grind; they should be used for that purpose – it makes them stronger and better.
    Chiropractic has nothing to say against dieting as a means of making fat people lean and thin people fat, except to say that it is not Chiropractic; and if people want to make sacrifices of that kind, it is more a science of martyrdom to fashion, than it is a science of healing.  If a person wants to insult his Innate and injure his tissues for the sake of an educated ideal, mode, or fashion – it’s his sacrifice!  Chiropractic holds that it would be better, in every way, to eat the normal amounts and qualities of foods with the normal amounts of exercise.  To be as thin as Innate wants you to be, reduce the amount of food to normal and step up the amount of exercise to the normal and natural amount.  In this way, the body will be made as Innate wants it to be.  Unfortunately for the vain, this does not always suit the “Gods of Mode.”  Some people are naturally fleshy and feel better in that condition, of course.  For such people to forcibly make themselves thin by dieting, is injurious.  Some people are naturally thin and feel better that way.  To drive themselves to “a course of nourishment” to get fat, only poisons their systems.

Art. 177.    Exercise.
    Exercise is the natural and normal amount of movement of the body and its parts to obtain the normal amount of adaptation that is due to every part of it.
    Natural demand in order to obtain the normal supply, of adaptation. (Prin. 33)
    If exercise conforms to the above definition, Chiropractic is “strong for it.”  Any part of the body, whether muscles or any other part, requires a certain amount of movement daily, in order that it gets its share of survival value.
    Natural exercise obtains a natural and beneficial tiredness.  Unnatural or over exercise produces a fatigue or exhaustion which is not beneficial.  Exercises calculated to develop or reduce parts of the body are beneficial if not driven to excess.  If this is over done, it produces abnormally developed organs and that is not beneficial.  Athletes’ bodies are very abnormally developed, and sometimes it reaches the state of pathology.  Outdoor exercise is much better than indoor, for one gets fresh air while doing it, and sunlight, which is very necessary to the human organism.  The even and natural bodily development by exercise, natural exercise, is what Chiropractic favors.  Again, we point out that this should be restoration of natural environment by “educated,” of that which “educated” has taken away.

Art. 178.    Hygiene.
    Hygiene, Chiropractically, is the restoration of natural and healthful environmental conditions which have been made abnormal by the necessities of civilized life.
    In many instances, where it is impossible to restore natural conditions, compensation must be made.
    Civilization is the sacrifices that individuals must make, in the matter of personal likes and dislikes and even of necessities, in order to have community living; to avoid infringing upon the rights of others; to give service in coordination.
    The student is not to think, by this, that we mean that to have a perfectly natural environment for the body, we must restore jungle conditions and that we must live like Tarzan of the Apes.  We mean that we aim to give the body properly balanced foods, suitable for omnivorous animals, fresh air, suitable light, and sanitary surroundings.  All of these things one can have without living like Tarzan; in fact, can be much more hygienic and sanitary than that fictitious character could possibly be.  We do not mean that the cooking of food is an unnatural preparation; but we do mean that the foods over-prepared lose natural food values.  We do not mean that clean water is unnatural, but that water with injurious chemicals in it “to sterilize” it is unnatural; also distilled water is not a fit beverage.  We need to realize that civilized life imposes conditions that are not healthful unless compensated for.  Long hours of unnatural living because of industries; improper food, lack of sunshine and fresh air for economic reasons; necessary inhibitions for decency, are all factors that deprive us of natural living.  There must be restoration, or at least compensation so far as possible, to make up for this.
    The writer is not belittling civilization – it is necessary of course, if people are to live in tribes, communities, etc.  It is necessary though, to realize that what naturalness civilization takes away, civilization will have to restore, if the human race is to be well.  We are obliged to make a normal use of our educated minds to get out of, or to compensate for the abnormal difficulties that our educated minds got us into.  Civilization is necessary, and as civilized beings we must make sacrifices of many personal comforts and likes, and even needs, to avoid infringing upon the rights of others.  That is the real meaning of civilization.  A strawberry, by itself, may be plump and luscious looking; but put into a basket with others, it becomes squeezed out of shape.  Too bad!  But necessary.  However, as human beings, being equipped with the most competent organs of environmental adaptation of any living creatures, we are fully able, if we will, to compensate for what we lose in naturalness, by educationally restoring naturalness.  The restoration of natural conditions, as far as possible, in the midst of civilized circumstances, is the meaning of the word hygiene in Chiropractic.

Art. 179.    The Poisons Of Environment.
    Abnormal or extremely adverse environmental conditions for the human body are important in the study of the cause of dis-ease.
    They affect the health by making normal adaptation more difficult if not impossible.
    They are not considered the cause of dis-ease, or even secondary causes, but they further limit the limitations of matter. (Prin. 24.)
    Poor environmental conditions can affect the health by making adaptation very difficult; especially if one is not acclimated to those conditions.  If subluxations exist, and in most people they do, especially those affecting the eliminating organs, the effect is still worse.  Some environmental conditions would poison a healthy person; as very unsanitary surroundings.  Some environments are downright impossible.  If there are subluxations causing poor elimination, the adverse conditions act more readily upon the tissue cells, there being some accumulative destructive survival values already.  Even if there are not such subluxations, the bad environment may call for more adaptation than a body can afford. (Prin. 24.)
    In our studies of environmental poisoning, the Serous Circulation is the main factor in the consideration of indirect effects.
    Environmental poisoning is made possible because of necessity, or carelessness, or ignorance.  Normal educated mind usually receives warning, and Innate knows there is danger.  However, warnings are frequently disregarded for the foregoing reasons.  Perhaps necessity, or economic reasons are the most numerous; office work, factory employment, property in or near a swamp, poverty in a tenement.  All these are difficult to overcome; they exist nevertheless and in such, troubles lurk.
    The utterly impossible conditions mentioned are: water, extreme heat, and poisonous gases in which the human body cannot live, no matter how perfect the transmission of mental impulses.
    The possibilities of environmental poisoning are: impure water, air, food, bad climate, poor sanitation, poor hygiene, personal and environmental, effluvia and germs.

Art. 180.    Water As An Environmental Factor.
    Water may poison a body of lowered resistance when it is impure; impregnated with injurious minerals, stagnant, charged with poisonous gases, etc.
    Pure water for human consumption contains none of these, but may have a harmless and normal amount of minerals and germs.
    Impure water may contain putrid matter, poisonous gases, or other matters, harmful materials which, when introduced into the body, poison the Serous Circulation.  External application of such water may poison the skin.  If stagnant, it pollutes the air.  Water charged with excess mineral or minerals injurious to the body is apt to irritate the bowels.
    Innate warns educated mind by smell, taste, and sight, and depends upon educational adaptation for safety.

Art. 181.    Food As An Environmental Factor.
    Abnormal food may poison a body of lowered resistance when it is impure or contains impurities; as, poisonous chemicals in it, poisonous gases, has changed chemically, decomposed, etc.
    Pure food for human consumption must be free from any of these impurities.
    If food contains chemicals, or gases that cannot be used in metabolism, these foreign substances, not the food, are poison.  Of course, such food is unfit for use.  If what was once a good food undergoes a chemical change, it is no longer the substance that it was when educationally named a food.  Fermentation is a good example of this.  If what was once a good food decomposes or partly decomposes, it is unfit for use as a food.  For the human economy uses organic matter for food mostly.  It is first raised in the scale by organisms which of course lose their lives in order that the human organism may live.  This is true of both vegetable and animal life.  A little thought will show us how true this is.  If we could live by using the inorganic foods, we could exist like a tree or a cabbage.  Although we move in an ocean of protein, we must buy it at so much per pound at the butcher shop or at the grocer’s.  The organic food must be in a clean state, because the human body is not prepared to use decomposed matter in metabolism.  If compelled to eat it from necessity, poisoning is likely to take place.  Races of people who, from necessity, like the Digger Indians or the Terra del Fuegans, are obliged to use decomposed food, show the effects of such food in their inferior physique and low mentality.  It requires entirely too much adaptation for the human mechanism, to raise the grade of these foods, therefore poisoning of the Serous Circulation occurs.

Art. 182.    Air As An Environmental Factor.
    Air may poison a body of lowered resistance when it is impure; containing too much carbon dioxide; not enough oxygen; too much oxygen; substances injurious to the lungs; or effluvia of dead things.
    Air containing too much carbon dioxide or not enough oxygen, poisons by asphyxiation.  It may contain injurious germs or poisonous gases.  It may contain solid materials that injure the lungs; as, the air in factories, mines, and smoky cities.  The effluvia of dead things is unfit to enter the lungs of the human.  Such an environment is unfit for the human organism; it requires too much adaptation.  Innate warns educated mind by smell, sight, etc.

Art. 183.    Climate As A Factor Of Environment.
    Adverse climate can poison a body with lowered resistance by imposing extraordinary adaptation.
    A rapid change of temperature closes the pores of the skin too suddenly and before compensation can be made via the Serous Circulation (which as you remember, requires seventy-two hours to make a complete cycle) some tissue cells have been made unsound by the retained poisons.  When the weather is extremely hot, overheating the body calls for extreme adaptation, and besides, the heat cannot be dissipated fast enough.  Tissue cells are, after all, very delicate structures and it does not require much above the normal temperature to injure them.  In order to dissipate great heat from the body into an overheated environment, the adaptability of the human body is often overtaxed.  The attempt by Innate to do this causes excess traveling of water through the body, which is not good for the tissue cells.  Adverse climate may make the atmosphere too humid, lessening the amount of oxygen in a cubic foot of atmosphere, and making it difficult for the body to perspire, since perspiration depends upon evaporation.  This also retains too much heat in the body.  All in all, it requires too much adaptation or too sudden adaptation to be healthful.

Art. 184.    Hygiene And Sanitation As Environment Factors.
    Poor Hygiene and bad Sanitation can poison the body with lowered resistance, by imposing too much adaptation, if not by actual direct poisoning.
    They can poison the air or pollute the water and taint the food.  In such environments, poison germs breed.  Human excreta, if kept on the body or kept too near it, has the same effect upon the body that the excreta of a cell has upon the cell, if not removed from it.  Keeping perspiration and other waste materials from leaving the surface of the body, poisons the Serous Circulation.  If the body does not get enough light, it is injurious, for light gives something to the body that is almost as necessary as air.  Innate warns educated mind by discomfort, sight, smell, etc.

Art. 185.    Effluvia As An Environmental Factor.
    Effluvia is poisonous gas from putrid and decaying organic matter.
    We pointed out that Innate cannot use decomposing matter in metabolism when introduced by impure foods.  It is just as true in regard to air.  The poisonous gases entering the lungs can poison the Serous Circulation.  Innate certainly warns, not only by sight and smell, but by an innate fear of the dead.

Art. 186.    Germs As A Factor Of Environment.
    Germs can poison a body of lowered resistance when they are too numerous, or by their excreta when they are numerous, or when they are the poisonous kind.
    There are such things as germs.  Chiropractic does not deny their existence as is so frequently reported.  It would not deny them any more than it would deny any other laboratory finding (Arts. 10 to 13, incl.).  As in regard to other laboratorical findings, the Chiropractic view is different from that of the medical world.  Chiropractic recognizes that some germs are beneficial and necessary.  Some are necessary to human life; necessary as food; parts of the human body are germs.  The body develops from a germ, itself.  Water is better for drinking when it has some kinds of germs in it; but all germs are not beneficial to the body.  Some are poisonous.  Some are harmless scavengers, but their excreta may be poison.  Some of the scavengers are harmless enough when not numerous, but poison the body by the presence of great numbers.  There are both vegetables and animal germs.  Chiropractic holds that germs are scavengers; that they gain no foothold in the body in sufficient numbers to poison it as long as there is no abnormal tissue or abnormal secretions for them to thrive upon.  As scavengers, they are beneficial to the body and cause no harm as long as there are not too many.  They do not cause the abnormal tissue upon which they thrive.  The dis-eased condition comes first, offering a breeding ground for them.

Art. 187.    Parasites.
    Parasites are organisms that feed upon their host or materials that the host has prepared for its own use.
    Unlike the scavenger germs in the foregoing article, they do not thrive upon dead tissue or abnormal secretions, but require live flesh or good food materials intended for the metabolism of the host.  As there are both sheep and wolves among the animals, so there are both sheep and wolves among the micro-organisms.  They enter and thrive, in and upon apparently healthy bodies, but their presence indicates a lowered resistance, for these undesirables are driven out by Innate in a healthy body, by means of secretions.  These secretions act as poison to the particular parasite.  An example of this is shown by the killing of the tapeworm by Innate when adjustments are given.  This is also shown by the adaptation of the body against the attack of mosquitoes.

Art. 188.    Epidemics.
    Epidemics are adverse environmental conditions which in spreading attack those with similar lack of resistance.
    These adverse conditions may be bad water, bad weather, bad food, bad air, or poisons of various kinds, including germs.  An “epidemic” attacks those who cannot make sufficient adaptation.  This lack of adaptation is due to subluxation.  If the adverse conditions are exceedingly over and above the adaptative resistance of healthy people, the tribe had better move.

Art. 189.    CONTAGION AND INFECTION.

Art. 190.    BLOOD POISON.

Art. 191.    Immunity.
    Immunity is the adaptative resistance of tissue cells because of the constructive survival value they possess.
    Immunity is the high percentage of adaptability of tissue cells, because of their perfection in “condition” which requires time and effort to tear down.
    This perfect condition is dependent upon the perfect transmission of mental impulses. (Prin. 5, 28).
    When tissue cells are thus very sound, they are able because of their adaptability and material resources, to withstand the invasion of poison better than those not so fortunate.  A body so equipped does not “catch diseases.”  The Chiropractic way of saying this is, that a body immune is not susceptible to poisons of the epidemic kind.

Art. 192.    Periodical And Recurrent Dis-eases.
    Periodical and Recurrent Dis-eases are those which alternate with periods of apparent recovery and in some cases the periods are regular.
    There are several kinds, but most of them belong in the poison family.  The toxins or poisons accumulate over and above the amount of elimination which of course, in these cases, is abnormal.  When this accumulation reaches a point where it is dangerous, Innate brings about a crisis of some kind; as fits in epilepsy, high fevers as in dengue or ague.  The analogy of the geyser can be used here.  A geyser tube slowly fills with water until its hydrostatic pressure is overbalanced by the superheated steam from volcanic fires, then it bursts forth with violence and is relieved.
    There are other types, as hay fever, which is seasonal and comes on at certain seasons because there is a chronic subluxation which does not offer inconvenience and does not interfere with transmission until the season comes when more adaptation is required.
    Coryza or head cold is another example.  One has a chronic subluxation impinging the nerves leading to the tissues of the nasal pharynx.  Through the summer weather, while it is warm, there is no interference; but when in the fall or winter the colder weather calls for more adaptation in those tissues, there is interference with transmission, hence incoordination.

Art. 193.    The Philosophy Of Fevers.
    This explanation pertains to febrile conditions.
    Through lack of proper elimination of toxins and waste materials, poisons accumulate in the Serous Circulation.
    The ordinary channels of elimination are not available to Innate.
    Accumulation of poisons always chills the body.
    Innate plans to eliminate the poisons through the lungs in the form of carbon dioxide.
    She starts to oxidize them.
    Calorific function, unfortunately, is abnormal.
    Therefore, the process of oxidation (burning) gets beyond control.
    Too much heat is developed, which is made worse by the ordinary channels of elimination not being available; viz., kidneys, and skin.
    The temperature goes above 98.6 degrees and the condition is called fever or febrile dis-ease.
    Because of lack of proper elimination through the ordinary channels for that purpose, namely, the kidneys, skin, and bowels, toxins and waste materials accumulate in the Serous Circulation and poison the tissue cells of the body.  Such poisons produce coldness and as their amount grows serious they produce what is known as chill.  Then Innate plans (I. A.) to eliminate these poisons via the lungs in the form of carbon dioxide, for the poisons are composed mostly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which can be made into gases.  However, before the lungs can handle these toxins, they must be changed to the gaseous state.  Therefore, Innate starts to oxidize the carbons – a chemical process that produces very much heat, for it actually burns.  All goes well, and not too much heat is produced by this adaptation and there is no evidence of febrile trouble if the calorific departments are normal.  Unfortunately, in febrile dis-eases, they are not.  The process of oxidation, so nicely started by Innate, gets beyond control.  Not only is the process of oxidation (burning) out of control, and the temperature of the body raised above normal from that source, but the temperature goes still higher because of the usual excretory channels being out of order, ordinary heat dissipation cannot take place, not to mention the dissipation of the extra heat which should be done.  Thus the lungs are the organs that Innate is depending upon and their action is much accelerated adaptatively as well as that of the heart.  The lungs carry off the oxidized materials as well as great quantities of heat.  In time, if the amount of poison is not too great and the subluxations not too severe, the poisons will be oxidized and carried away and the febrile conditions subside.  It is commonly said that the fever “wore itself out.”  Its cause still remains and it is apt to recur.  If, however, adjustments are given, the proper use of the eliminating organs restored, the poisons quickly will be eliminated, so there is no use of further burning toxins.  There also is no further unusual demand upon the calorific department and therefore there ceases to be interference with transmission.  Such adjustments are followed by profuse sweat and the almost immediate “breaking” of the fever.  Whereas, without the adjustments allowing that the condition does not become fatal, it may last for days before it subsides, with consequent damage to the delicate tissue cells which are not able to stand much heat.

Art. 194.    B.J.’s FEVER CYCLE.

Art. 195.    The Poisons Of Strong Emotions.
    These have references to the poisoning of the Serous Circulation by strong emotions as, worry, fright, anger, hate, nervousness, shock, etc.
    There are several theories; we present three.
    1.  Theory:  Strong emotions produce a shock with the effect of penetrative forces that act upon the tissues in the vertemere region.
    This of course, may produce dis-eases directly by “local,” or indirectly through the Serous Circulation.
    2.  Theory:  Strong emotions have an effect upon secretions of the body which enter the Serous Circulation and are poisonous to the tissues.
    Those who favor this theory point out instances of nursing babies being poisoned by the mother’s milk after the mother having undergone anger, fright, or worry.
    3.  Theory:  Strong emotions cause excessive carbon dioxide and other waste matters in the brain, which enter the Serous Circulation.
    Brain tissue requires an enormous blood supply at any time.  Note the comparative size of the blood vessels supplying it.  Sudden or violent use of the brain produces a hard strain upon it, which if continued will injure it.  Naturally its already large blood supply will have to be increased.  Study, worry, or long protracted heavy work of the brain not only requires a great blood supply, but produces a heavy amount of waste matter which entering the Serous Circulation acts in a very noxious manner.

Art. 196.    The Poisons Of Fatigue.
    Any exercise produces waste materials, which if not eliminated but retained in the Serous Circulation, act as poison.
    Either brain exhaustion or physical exhaustion poison the whole body in a way that it requires time to restore.
    Everyone knows how hard it is to think clearly when physically exhausted; or to work physically when very much mentally exhausted.  We are also acquainted with the cramping effects of toxins in the muscles after we have had a very exhausting tramp as, a difficult march or a long hunt.

Art. 197.    Stimulation.
    There are two kinds of Stimulation: the direct and indirect; or the true and the false.
    The direct or true Stimulation is the action of stimuli upon dead tissue, driving it to an unadapted activity resembling function.
    The indirect or false stimulation is really not stimulation at all.  It is the adaptative response of live tissue to invading stimuli.
    The direct or true stimulation is shown when stimuli are used in prepared muscle, as dead frog legs.  It causes dead tissue to act in a manner resembling function, but this movement is wholly unadapted; one could produce no definite governed action with it.  The indirect or false stimulation calls for unusual adaptative action of tissue cells, which because of the fact, such action resulting from applied stimuli, is apt to mislead one into thinking that the stimuli caused the action.  This unusual or even violent adaptative action is in defense of the tissues against the stimuli which are penetrative forces (Art. 117).  Such action over-works a tissue cell, leaving it exhausted depleted, and poisoned.  The cell must recuperate at the expense of survival value.
    Innate Intelligence neither stimulates nor inhibits; and for the reason that the student is apt to make the error of believing so, Dr. Palmer objects to the use of these words in Chiropractic.  Innate does not create stimuli.  Mental impulses are not stimuli, for stimuli have none of the characteristics of adapted forces.  Neither does stimulation take place in the body; only in dead tissue.  What really takes place when a stimuli are applied to the living body, is usual adaptative action.  One might reason that if a stimulus will act upon a dead muscle cell it will act upon the same muscle cell in the living body.  The answer to that is, if a stimulus acts upon a cell in a living body, causing it to act in an unadapted manner, it is because interference with transmission leaves the cell “partly dead.”  This is a part of the explanation of excess function.

Art. 198.    Inhibition.
    Inhibition is the name for the suppression of the action of a tissue cell, by penetrative forces (as of a drug) at the same time loading it with more work to do.
    As there is no real stimulation in live cells, so there is no real inhibition in live cells.  A drug which inhibits is a poison and as such causes the tissue cells to make violent efforts to eject it, followed by extreme exhaustion.  There is no difference in the action of any poison (stimulating or inhibiting) upon a tissue cell except that a poison which inhibits is more deadly and damages the cell more.

Art. 199.    APPLICATION OF THE CYCLES TO SUCCESSFUL ADAPTATION TO POISON.

Art. 200.    APPLICATION OF CYCLES TO UNSUCCESSFUL ADAPTATION TO POISON.

Art. 201.    How Poison Kills.
    Poisons impair the condition of tissue cells so that it limits Innate’s expression. (Prin. 5, 24)  This action may be so great that death will occur.
    If Poisons injure innate brain, death is immediate.
    Poisons produce a shock as any other penetrative force, causing subluxations which may be severe enough to cause death.
    Poisons do not “bite” Innate.
    Violent poisons, such as cyanide of potassium, produce extreme “stimulation” which produces violent contractions.  This affects the vertemere regions, causing subluxations and injury to vital organs.  Some believe that it injures innate brain by acting upon all nervous tissues.  Some believe that the violent “stimulation” injures or destroys the metabolistic nervous system.

Art. 202.    Habit.
    “An aptitude or inclination for some action in increased facility of performance or decreased power of resistance.” (Webster).
    There are good habits and bad habits.
    A habit is classed as good or bad, according as it is beneficial or detrimental to a person or to his associates.
    A habit is acquired by doing the same act repeatedly, until it no longer requires an act of “conscious” will to bring it about.
    For that very reason, it requires a very strong act of “conscious” will to change a habit.
    If there are subluxations affecting the normal exercise of educated will, it will be much harder to change a habit or to break a bad habit.  In Article 200 is shown a condition that is impossible to change without adjustments, especially if the educated mind is weak in will.  It does not necessarily follow that if a person has a strong habit which he has not the will to change, he is weak willed in all things, for it is the cardinal characteristic of a habit, that it requires more will to change it, than any other act.  According to some psychologists, a habit is the very tiny evolutionary beginning of an instinct, and it is easy to understand that an instinct is not easily changed.

Art. 203.    The Philosophy Of The Drug Habit.
    Drug Habits are such as smoking, tobacco chewing, snuff habit, coffee, tea, alcohol, stimulants, and opiates.
    The example used here is the acquiring of the tobacco habit.
    The poison is first taken and Innate shows her contempt and displeasure by ejecting the contents of the stomach and vigorous elimination through the excretory organs.  Some tyro smokers notice that the action of the bowels is accelerated.  The first repulse is shown in Article 199. (See original text)  If the dose with some drugs is strong enough, the result is shown in Article 200. (See original test)  A subluxation will result in the latter case.  Immediately the mechanical demonstration of Innate’s displeasure has taken place, she begins to form an antidote for the poisons that have remained in the system.
    Then the drug does is repeated.  Innate again may rebel.  In the beginning of smoking, she does not always do so mechanically.  Having started making antidotes, she continues the process.  As the doses are repeated, Innate just as repeatedly creates the antidote so that the serum will be chemically balanced even with the presence of the nicotine.  In time, the manufacture of antidote is a continuous process, in expectation of the regular or constant repetition of the drug.
    A failure to take the drug, therefore, leaves an unbalanced antidote, which then becomes a poison and the habit victim becomes distressed because of it.  Innate makes an imperative demand for the drug; it seems strange that Innate would demand a poison, but now it is something that she requires in metabolism to neutralize the poison already there.  From this demand of Innate’s, made known by strong desire for the drug, arises a craving that is very difficult to deny.  It requires a vigorous effort of the will, even with strong willed persons, to deny it.  If, however, this is done and the body gets no more of the drug, Innate will proceed to destroy the antidote and cease making it.  But, during that time, the case suffers the torments of craving.
    One of the factors that makes it so easy to give in to the craving and so hard to deny it, is the force of habit.  Thus there is a double battle for the will: the will to deny the craving and the will to change a habit.
    Subluxations play their part in all this, in the matter of incoordinated educated mind, poor elimination, and inadequate adaptation in the matter of balancing drug and antidote for every day’s struggle.

Art. 204.    Medical Habits.
    A Medical Habit is the habitual use of a treatment to the detriment of the body.
    This includes the habitual use of pills, patent medicines, opiates, cathartics, enemas, and artificial foods.
    The use of pills and cathartics accustoms the intestines to profuse secretion in order to dilute the poisons and flush the bowels of them.  These drugs are poisons; Innate does not want them there and gets rid of them in this manner.  “Salts do not move the bowels, but the bowels move the salts.” (Palmer)  Repeated doses of this get the bowels into a habit; a habit of heavy secretion of fluids and lessened peristaltic action.  The muscles of the intestines of chronic pill users are almost entirely inert.  The too frequent or continuous use of the enema also have the same effect upon the muscles of the rectum.
    Some users of patent medicines have made of themselves drunkards and drug addicts.  True, they did not have that reputation, but they had to have, regularly, their particular patent medicine, with its high alcoholic content or its opiates, or other poisonous drugs.
    The users of over-prepared foods (artificial foods) can become addicts to them, for they get certain digestive organs into the habit of shirking, which causes them to become abnormal, weakened, or depleted through non-use, and then, when they are called upon to do their natural work, they suffer a great deal.

Art. 205.    Intellectual Adaptation.
    Intellectual Adaptation is the mental process of Innate Intelligence to plan ways and means of using or circumventing universal forces.
    This mental process is made manifest or expressed through change in organic matter.
    It is the universal law of change which governs adaptation.
    Organic matter is the only kind that requires adaptation to protect its structural values.
    The “essence” of this intellectual process is preserved in the race of the organism, in an accumulative manner, called survival value and is the fundamental principle of evolution.
    We study Intellectual Adaptation by its expression, manifestation, namely adaptation.

Art. 206    Adaptation.
    Adaptation is the movement of an organism or any of its parts; or the structural change in that organism, to use or to circumvent environmental forces.
    Adaptation is a continuous process – continually varying.  It is never constant and unvarying as are other universal laws.
    Adaptation is a universal principle – the only one of its kind.  It is the principle of change, and the changes are always according to law, which is Intellectual Adaptation.
    For an exhaustive treatise of Intellectual Adaptation and Adaptation, the student is referred to (155, V).  It cites many good examples.  The acclimatization of plants and animals; the growth of hair on bodies for protection; the forming of callouses on hardworked hands; the strengthening of tree roots on the windward side – these are all examples of adaptation to forces which if they have had not been thus opposed or circumvented, would have proven destructive.  These organisms strengthened their structure where it was most needed (that is, their Innates did it), so that they were able to withstand future stresses of that kind.  Note that the organism successfully meets the stresses for a given moment, but the strengthening of the structures is not done instantaneously for that particular moment; it is done to provide for the next time.  This gives a positive value that is transmitted to posterity.

Art. 207.    Inheritance Of Dis-ease.
    Inheritance of dis-ease is not a Chiropractic tenet.
    Chiropractic holds that dis-ease cannot be inherited because it is not a value but a lack of value.
    Dis-ease is lack of adaptation.  There is no constructive survival value, no evolutionary values to inherit, in that case.
    Diathesis is not a dis-ease; it is but the inheritance of type; of forms of family characteristics, the same as one could “inherit” the shape of nose belonging to his father or grandfather.
    If one has a diathesis for tuberculosis, that does not mean that he has tuberculosis or that he is obliged to have it.  The term is used to indicate that such a person has a body with a low resistance to that kind of dis-ease.  True, this one’s parents may have had tuberculosis.  The offspring of those parents with a family resemblance will have the same kind of tissues with a likeness in strength and resistance.  He will have the same type of spine, subject to the same subluxations.  If subjected to the same environmental conditions that his parents had, perhaps living in unhygienic or unsanitary quarters, he will have the same adaptative battles to fight that they did.  He is likely to be overcome in the same way they were.  If, however, he seeks to improve on the hygiene and sanitation of his family, he is no more likely to have tuberculosis than anyone else.
    There is another question that is commonly presented.  How about leprosy, syphilis, etc.?  Are not the germs inherited, and do not the children of syphilitic parents have this disease?  Yes, but not always.  A mother supplies the foetus with nutrition by serum (not blood) through the placenta.  That is one of the functions of the placenta.  It provides a serous nutrition upon which the foetus thrives and grows.  Obviously, the environment of a developing foetus must be normal and natural, supplying clean food, by the same principle that the adult human must have a suitable environment.  We have seen that a human adult body cannot use impure or putrid or poisonous food; neither can the foetus.  If the mother’s serum conveys the germs of a dis-ease, as syphilis, to the foetus, of course it is possible for the foetus to have them in its body.  From this point on, it depends upon the resistance of the tissues of the foetus.  The germs very seldom get a start then.  If there are subluxations in the child, they do.  If not, the germs lie dormant.  The child may grow to adulthood, and often does, before the disease shows.  It would not then, if at some time the tissue resistance were not lowered.  Just think, how many people reach the age of twenty or twenty-five without having sickness of some kind which lowers resistance.  How many people are without K. P. subluxations or subluxations of some kind?  Even then, the tissue resistance may be too great for the germs to gain a foothold and the person may live out his life untroubled.  True, it may be said that the child inherited the germs.  For that matter, he may inherit many kinds of germs, but germs are not dis-ease.  He may have inherited the diathesis, but that is not dis-ease.  Without the subluxations that lower his tissue resistance in that particular respect, he will never have the dis-ease which is said to be inherited.

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